Assessment of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction as an Alternative Method for the Extraction of Anthocyanins and Total Phenolic Compounds from Maqui Berries (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz)

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2019-03Department
Química Analítica; Química OrgánicaSource
Agronomy 2019, 9, 148Abstract
Research interest regarding maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) has increased over the last years
due to its potential health benefits as one of the most antioxidant-rich berries. Ultrasound-assisted
extraction (UAE) is an advanced green, fast, and ecological extraction technique for the production of
high quality extracts from natural products, so it has been proposed in this work as an ideal alternative
extraction technique for obtaining extracts of high bioactivity from maqui berries. In order to
determine the optimal conditions, the extraction variables (percentage of methanol, pH, temperature,
ratio “sample mass/volume of solvent”, amplitude, and cycle) were analyzed by a Box-Behnken
design, in conjunction with the response surface method. The statistical analysis revealed that the
temperature and the percentage of methanol were the most influential variables on the extraction
of the total phenolic compounds and total anthocyanins, respectively. The optimal extraction time
was determined at 15 min for total phenolic compounds, while it was only 5 min for anthocyanins.
The developed methods showed a high precision level with a coefficient of variation of less than
5%. Finally, the new methods were successfully applied to several real samples. Subsequently, the
results were compared to those that were obtained in previous experiments by means of microwave
assisted extraction (MAE). Similar extraction yields were obtained for phenolic compounds under
optimized conditions. However, UAE proved to be slightly more efficient than MAE in the extraction
of anthocyanins.