Antiretroviral therapy partially improves the abnormalities of dendritic cells and lymphoid and myeloid regulatory populations in recently infected HIV patients

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URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10498/21715
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48185-2
ISSN: 2045-2322
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2019-08Department
Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública; Medicina; MedicinaSource
Scientific Reports (2019) 9:11654Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy on plasmacytoid (pDC) and myeloid
(mDC) dendritic cells as well as regulatory T (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSC) cells in HIVinfected
patients. Forty-five HIV-infected patients (20 of them with detectable HIV load −10 recently
infected and 10 chronically infected patients-, at baseline and after antiretroviral therapy, and 25 with
undetectable viral loads) and 20 healthy controls were studied. The influence of HIV load, bacterial
translocation (measured by 16S rDNA and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) and immune activation
markers (interleukin –IL- 6, soluble CD14, activated T cells) was analyzed. The absolute numbers and
percentages of pDC and mDC were significantly increased in patients. Patients with detectable viral
load exhibited increased intracellular expression of IL-12 by mDCs and interferon -IFN- α by pDCs.
Activated population markers were elevated, and the proportion of Tregs was significantly higher in
HIV-infected patients. The MDSC percentage was similar in patients and controls, but the intracellular
expression of IL-10 was significantly higher in patients. The achievement of undetectable HIV load
after therapy did not modify bacterial translocation parameters, but induce an increase in pDCs, mDCs
and MDSCs only in recently infected patients. Our data support the importance of early antiretroviral
therapy to preserve dendritic and regulatory cell function in HIV-infected individuals.