Pharmaceutical Products and Pesticides Toxicity Associated with Microplastics (Polyvinyl Chloride) in Artemia salina

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2021-10Department
Anatomía Patológica, Biología Celular, Histología, Historia de la Ciencia, Medicina Legal y Forense y Toxicología; Tecnologías del Medio AmbienteSource
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(20), 10773Abstract
Pharmaceutical products, as well as insecticides and antimicrobials, have been extensively
studied, but knowledge of their effects—especially those caused by their mixtures with microplastics—
on aquatic organisms remains limited. However, it should be borne in mind that the state of
knowledge on acute and chronic effects in aquatic organisms for pharmaceuticals and pesticides is
not similar. In response, this investigation analyzed the presence of microplastics (polyvinyl chloride)
and their impacts on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos (an insecticide) and triclosan (an antibacterial) when
they coincide in the environment, alongside the two most consumed drugs of their type (hypolipemic
and anticonvulsant, respectively), namely simvastatin and carbamazepine, in Artemia salina. LC50 and
cholinesterase enzyme activity were calculated to determine the possible neurotoxicity associated
with emergent contaminants in the treatments. The LC50 values obtained were 0.006 mg/dm3
for chlorpyrifos, 0.012 mg/dm3 for chlorpyrifos associated with microplastics, 4.979 mg/dm3 for
triclosan, 4.957 mg/dm3 for triclosan associated with microplastics, 9.35 mg/dm3 for simvastatin,
10.29 mg/dm3 for simvastatin associated with microplastics, 43.25 mg/dm3 for carbamazepine and
46.50 mg/dm3 for carbamazepine associated with microplastics in acute exposure. These results
indicate that the presence of microplastics in the medium reduces toxicity, considering the LC50 values.
However, exposure to chlorpyrifos and carbamazepine, both alone and associated with microplastics,
showed a decline in cholinesterase activity, confirming their neurotoxic effect. Nevertheless, no
significant differences were observed with the biomarker cholinesterase between the toxicant and the
toxicant with microplastics.
Subjects
microplastics; simvastatin; carbamazepine; chlorpyrifos; triclosan; cholinesterase activityCollections
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