@misc{10498/25520,
year = {2021},
month = {6},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10498/25520},
abstract = {This study was focused on the historical evolution of the waste management policy carried
out by the Spanish industry devoted to titanium dioxide pigments manufacturing for minimising
its environmental impact. This challenge was achieved by modifying the original chemical process
and converting the originally dissolved sulphate and sulphuric acid present in the final streams of
the factory into sulphate minerals (melanterite FeSO4 7H2O, szomolnokite FeSO4 H2O, and gypsum
CaSO4 2H2O). These by-products were physicochemically, mineralogically and radiologically
characterised in order to gain basic information for its subsequent commercial use. Some of the uses
summarised in this study for both ferrous sulphates are as a supplier of iron to prevent chlorosis,
animal food, manufacture of cement (to reduce Cr VI), primary flocculants for ferrous sulphates,
magnetite nanoparticle and nano-Fe2O3 formation, production of magnetite concentrate, remediation
of polluted soils with metals, and treatment of wastewaters. Red gypsum was analysed as a substitute
for natural gypsum in the manufacture of cement, construction materials, inhibitor in soil erosion,
and the immobilisation of heavy metals in agricultural soils and carbonation processes.},
organization = {This research was partially supported by the Spanish Government Department of Science and Technology (MINECO) through the project "Fluxes of Radionuclides Emitted by the Phosphogypsum Piles Located at Huelva; Assessment of the Dispersion, Radiological Risks and Remediation Proposals" (Ref. CTM, 2015-68628-R)), the Regional Government of Andalusia project called "Basic processes regulating the fractionations and enrichments of natural radionuclides under acid mine drainage conditions" (Ref.: UHU-1255876), and the University of Cadiz project called "New methodogy of radioisotope isolation with environmental interest for its measurement by alpha spectrometry" (Ref: PR2019-024).
Document},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {TiO2 industry},
keywords = {ferrous sulphate heptahydrate},
keywords = {ferrous sulphate monohydrate},
keywords = {red gypsum},
keywords = {uses of sulphate minerals},
keywords = {NORM industries},
title = {A Review of the Commercial Uses of Sulphate Minerals from the Titanium Dioxide Pigment Industry: The Case of Huelva (Spain)},
doi = {10.3390/min11060575},
author = {Gázquez González, Manuel Jesús and Contreras, Manuel and Pérez-Moreno, Silvia María and Guerrero, José Luis and Casas Ruiz, Melquiades and Bolívar, Juan Pedro},
}