@misc{10498/29525,
year = {2023},
month = {1},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10498/29525},
abstract = {This study aims to find out which variables predict the internationalization type of academic spin-offs. This topic has not yet received any attention in academic spin-offs’ internationalization literature. We use a sample of Spanish spin-offs, with four dependent variables reflecting internationalization types and a large selection of independent variables reflecting various domains considered in the extant literature. Logistic regression is applied to outline marginal effects and prediction accuracies. The results show that academic spin-offs which are oriented towards international markets from the beginning of their activities and constantly pursue new international opportunities are more likely to internationalize fast and remain international for a longer time period than other firms. Being the first to introduce product or process innovations and co-operating with international government institutions, competitors, customers, and/or suppliers is also relatively useful for such internationalizers. The study also demonstrates that predicting if an academic spin-off will become a less active internationalizer results in a higher accuracy than forecasting if it will become a born global. Moreover, predicting if a firm will internationalize later results in a higher accuracy than forecasting if this will happen during the first three years since the spin-off's foundation.},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Academic spin-off},
keywords = {Born global},
keywords = {Export},
keywords = {Export prediction},
keywords = {Internationalization},
keywords = {Spain},
title = {Which variables predict the internationalization type of academic spin-offs?},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13172},
author = {Vissak, Tiia and Lukason, Oliver and Fernández Alles, María de la Luz},
}