@misc{10498/31182,
year = {2023},
month = {4},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31182},
abstract = {Background: We estimated the association between the level of restriction in nine different fields of activity and SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility in Spain, from 15 September 2020 to 9 May 2021. Methods: A stringency index (0–1) was created for each Spanish province (n = 50) daily. A hierarchical multiplicative model was fitted. The median of coefficients across provinces (95% bootstrap confidence intervals) quantified the effect of increasing one standard deviation in the stringency index over the logarithmic return of the weekly percentage variation of the 7-days SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence, lagged 12 days. Results: Overall, increasing restrictions reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission by 22% (RR = 0.78; one-sided 95%CI: 0, 0.82) in 1 week, with highest effects for culture and leisure 14% (0.86; 0, 0.98), social distancing 13% (0.87; 0, 0.95), indoor restaurants 10% (0.90; 0, 0.95) and indoor sports 6% (0.94; 0, 0.98). In a reduced model with seven fields, culture and leisure no longer had a significant effect while ceremonies decreased transmission by 5% (0.95; 0, 0.96). Models R2 was around 70%. Conclusion: Increased restrictions decreased COVID-19 transmission. Limitations include remaining collinearity between fields, and somewhat artificial quantification of qualitative restrictions, so the exact attribution of the effect to specific areas must be done with caution.},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
keywords = {COVID-19},
keywords = {effectiveness},
keywords = {hierarchical models},
keywords = {logarithmic return},
keywords = {on-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI)},
keywords = {pandemic},
title = {Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nine fields of activity to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Spain, September 2020–May 2021)},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2023.1061331},
author = {Barbeito, Inés and Precioso Garcelán, Daniel and Sierra Fernández, José María and Vegas Azcárate, Susana and Fernández Balbuena, Sonia and Vitoriano, Begoña and Gómez-Ullate Oteiza, David and Cao, Ricardo and Monge, Susana},
}