@misc{10498/36401,
year = {2025},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10498/36401},
abstract = {Coastal defense has traditionally relied on hard infrastructures like breakwaters,
dykes, and groins to protect harbors, settlements, and beaches from the impacts of longshore drift and storm waves. The prolonged exposure to wave erosion and dynamic loads
of different nature can result in damage, deformation, and eventual failure of these infrastructures, entailing severe economic and environmental losses. Periodic post-construction
monitoring is crucial to identify shape changes, ensure the structure’s stability, and implement maintenance works as required. This paper evaluates the performance and quality
of the restitution products obtained from the application of UAV photogrammetry to the
longest breakwater in the province of Cádiz, southern Spain. The photogrammetric outputs,
an orthomosaic and a Digital Surface Model (DSM), were validated with in situ RTK-GPS
measurements, displaying excellent planimetric accuracy (RMSE 0.043 m and 0.023 m in X
and Y, respectively) and adequate altimetric accuracy (0.100 m in Z). In addition, the average enveloping surface inferred from the DSM allowed quantification of the deformation
of the breakwater and defining of the deformation mechanisms. UAV photogrammetry
has proved to be a suitable and efficient technique to complement traditional monitoring
surveys and to provide insights into the deformation mechanisms of coastal structures.},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {structure from motion},
keywords = {UAV},
keywords = {breakwater},
keywords = {coastal defense},
keywords = {structure deformation},
title = {Application of UAV-SfM Photogrammetry to Monitor Deformations of Coastal Defense Structures},
doi = {10.3390/RS17010071},
author = {García López, Santiago and Vélez Nicolás, María de la Mercedes and Ruiz Ortiz, Verónica and Zarandona Palacio, Pedro and Contreras de Villar, Antonio and Contreras de Villar, Francisco and Muñoz Pérez, Juan José},
}