@misc{10498/37975,
year = {2025},
month = {5},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10498/37975},
abstract = {Sub-nano metal clusters have important physicochemical features that lead to
a wide range of applications. Herein, we point out an unfailing reproducible protocol to
synthesize ruthenium single-atom catalysts and ultra-small clusters supported on various silica–alumina mixed oxides. The catalysts were synthesized via a dendrimer-free,
sonication-assisted route, with ruthenium loadings up to 2 wt%. Raman spectroscopy
mapping revealed a wide coverage of the materials’ surfaces by ruthenium, while HAADFSTEM evidenced that 100% of the ruthenium was at the sub-nano scale, with up to 74%
of the single atoms and metal clusters having an average size between 0.3 and 0.7 nm,
independently of the support or the metal’s loading. These materials exhibited highly
selective size-dependent catalytic performances in upgrading biomass-derived furfural
into transportation biofuel additive 2,2′
-difurfurylether, with turnover frequencies up to
1148 h−1
. Ruthenium single atoms and sub-nano clusters showed an exceptional resistance
to sintering, with a size variation of ±0.1 nm before and after reaction, and no metal
leaching was observed.},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {single atom},
keywords = {sub-nano},
keywords = {synthesis route},
keywords = {furfural},
keywords = {biomass upgrading},
keywords = {2,2′-difurfurylether},
keywords = {no sintering},
title = {Single-Atom and Sub-Nano Ruthenium Cluster Catalysts—Application to Biomass Upgrading into Biofuel Additive},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15050449},
author = {Tabet-Zatla, Chaima Z. and Bedrane, Sumeya and Calvino Gámez, José Juan and Cauqui López, Miguel Ángel and Dergal, Fayçal and Ziani-Cherif, Chewki and Hernández Garrido, Juan Carlos},
}