%0 Journal Article 
%A García Salvador, Pablo
%T Epigenética en acuicultura: situación actual y perspectivas de futuro en el cultivo del lenguado senegalés (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858)

%D 2020
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10498/23723
%X Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that cannot be explained by direct modifications in the DNA sequence and whose molecular basis is cytosine methylation and histone modification. Epigenetic regulation is a powerful discovery that allows a rational explanation to the phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity, that is, to the fact that certain environmental stimuli can alter the phenotype of an animal, generating an adaptive response without its genome being modified.

Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a species that has established itself strongly in the diversification of the fish product market, thanks to its generally good adaptation to captivity and its relatively simple zootechnical management. However, there are weaknesses that notably delay the growth of its productivity, such as the reproductive dysfunction of individuals born in captivity or the high incidence of infectious diseases with high mortality. In this review, it is proposed that a greater understanding of the epigenetic regulation of the senegalese sole may help to resolve these problems. Therefore, the main objective of the work is to collect and integrate the information available in this field and apply it to the cultivation of the species.

In summary, the main advances have been obtained in 3 areas. The first of these is the muscle development of sole, of which it has been shown that the myogenin locus (myog), involved in the differentiation of myoblasts, is regulated by the methylation levels of its proximal promoter, which increase with temperature. With regard to sex determination, the results suggest that in senegalese sole gonadal differentiation depends on the culture temperature during the early stages of larval development, which induces methylation in the gonadal aromatase gene (cyp19a1a) and skews the sexual ratio towards males. Finally, it has been shown that early stimulation to stress, by way of training, alters the methylation of the major histocompatibility complex Ia (mhc1a), increasing its expression and improving the animal's immunocompetence.

As can be seen, the lack of epigenetic studies on the main problems of the cultivation of this species stands out, which have been approached from other points of view that have partially solved them. The future of aquaculture production of senegalese sole depends on the reorientation of research towards the molecular bases of phenotypic plasticity, in which epigenetics occupies the place par excellence.

%K epigenetics
%K solea senegalensis
%K aquaculture
%K phenotypic plasticity
%K abiotic stress
%K nutriepigenomics
%K myogenesis
%K sex determination
%K livestock
%K pigmentation
%K fish
%K histone modification
%K methylation
%K reproductive biology
%K epigenética
%K acuicultura
%K plasticidad fenotípica
%K estrés abiótico
%K nutriepigenómica
%K miogénesis
%K determinación del sexo
%K pigmentación
%K pescado
%K modificación de histonas
%K metilación
%K biología reproductiva
%~ Universidad de Cádiz