%0 Journal Article 
%A Jiménez Rodríguez, Amelia
%A Palomo Cobos, Luis
%A Rodríguez Martín, Amelia
%A Fernández del Valle, Patricia
%A Novalbos Ruiz, José Pedro
%T Design of a Nutritional Survey to Detect High Dietary Salt Intakes and Its Usefulness in Primary Care Compared to 24-Hour Urine Sodium Determination
%D 2023
%@ 2072-6643
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32440
%X Many population studies report salt intakes that exceed theWHOrecommendation (2 g/day
of Na+ or 5 g/day of salt). We do not have tools for detecting high salt intakes that are easy to apply
in primary health care (PHC). We propose the development of a survey to screen for high salt intake
in PHC patients. A cross-sectional study of 176 patients determines the responsible foods, and a
study of 61 patients studies the optimal cut-off point and discriminant ability (ROC curve). We
assessed the salt intake using a food frequency questionnaire and a 24 h dietary recall and used a
factor analysis to identify the foods with the highest contribution to be included in a high intake
screening questionnaire. We used 24 h urinary sodium as a gold standard. We identified 38 foods and
14 factors representing a high intake, explaining a significant proportion of the total variance (50.3%).
Significant correlations (r > 0.4) were obtained between nutritional survey scores and urinary sodium
excretion, allowing us to detect patients who exceed salt intake recommendations. For sodium
excretion   2.4 g/day, the survey has a sensitivity of 91.4%, a specificity of 96.2% and an area under
the curve of 0.94. For a prevalence of high consumption of 57.4%, the positive predictive value (PPV)
was 96.9% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 89.2%. We developed a screening survey for
subjects with a high probability of high salt intake in primary health care, which could contribute to
the reduction in diseases associated with this consumption.
%K nutritional survey
%K high dietary salt
%K dietary salt intake
%K urine sodium
%K primary health care
%K urban
%~ Universidad de Cádiz