%0 Journal Article 
%A Castillo-García, A.
%A Valenzuela, P.L.
%A Saco-Ledo, G.
%A Morales Rojas, Javier Salvador
%A Ruilope, L.M.
%A Santos-Lozano, A.
%A Lucia, A.
%T Physical activity, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular risk: A study in half a million adults
%D 2024
%@ 1600-0838

%U http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32766
%X Objective: There is a growing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a con-
dition associated with a higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We assessed
the association between self-reported physical activity (PA) and CKD and also
studied whether PA attenuates CKD-associated CVD risk.
Methods: A cohort of Spanish adults (18–64 years) participated in this nation-
wide study. Participants were categorized at baseline as being either inactive (per-
forming no PA), regularly, or insufficiently active (meeting or not, respectively,
international PA recommendations) and were followed for up to 5 years. The
presence of CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and
major CVD risk factors (diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity)
was determined at baseline and at follow- up.
Results: 517 917 participants (44 ± 9 years, 67% male, CKD prevalence = 7%)
were studied at baseline, with prospective analyses (median follow-up = 2 years,
range = 2–5) in a subcohort of 264 581 individuals. Compared to physical inactiv-
ity, cross-sectional analyses at baseline showed that regular PA (odds ratio = 0.80;
95% confidence interval = 0.79–0.81), but not insufficient PA (1.02; 0.99–1.04) was
associated with lower CKD prevalence. However, prospective analyses failed to
confirm this association (p > 0.1). In turn, CKD was associated with a higher prev-
alence of hypertension (+3%) and diabetes (+5%) at baseline and with a greater
incidence of hypertension at follow-up (+37%). Among those participants with
CKD, regular PA was associated with a lower prevalence (−45% to −7%) and in-
cidence (−38% to −4%) of all CVD risk factors.
Conclusion: Although PA might not reduce incident CKD in the middle term
(~2 years), it can attenuate the CVD risk linked to this condition.
%K CVD risk factors
%K Glomerular filtration rate
%K Kidney function
%K Physical inactivity
%~ Universidad de Cádiz