%0 Journal Article 
%A Rosety Rodríguez, Manuel
%A Camacho, Alejandra
%A Rosety Rodríguez, Ignacio
%A Fornieles González, Gabriel
%A Rosety Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel
%A Díaz Ordóñez, Antonio Jesús
%A Bernardi, Marco
%A Ordóñez Muñoz, Francisco Javier
%T Low-grade systemic inflammation and leptin levels were improved by arm cranking exercise in adults with chronic spinal cord injury.
%D 2014
%@ 0003-9993
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10498/34712
%X Objective: To ascertain the effect of arm cranking exercise on improving plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in untrained adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting: Community-based supervised intervention.

Participants: Men (N=17) with complete SCI at or below T5 volunteered for this study. Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention (n=9) or control group (n=8) using a concealed method.

Intervention: A 12-week arm cranking exercise program of 3 sessions per week consisted of warm-up (10-15min), arm crank (20-30min; increasing 2min and 30s every 3wk) at a moderate work intensity of 50% to 65% of heart rate reserve (starting at 50% and increasing 5% every 3wk), and cool-down (5-10min).

Main outcome measures: Plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 were determined. Furthermore, physical fitness (maximum oxygen consumption [V˙O2max]) and body composition (anthropometric index, waist circumference, and body mass index) were also assessed.

Results: Plasma levels of leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 were significantly decreased after the completion of the training program. Similarly, the anthropometric index and waist circumference were diminished too. A moderate correlation was found between leptin and the anthropometric index. Finally, V˙O2max was significantly increased, suggesting an improvement of physical fitness in the intervention group. No changes were found in the control group.

Conclusions: Arm cranking exercise improved low-grade systemic inflammation by decreasing plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it also reduced plasma leptin levels. Long-term, well-conducted studies are still required to determine whether these changes may improve clinical outcomes of adults with chronic SCI.
%K AI
%K BMI
%K Exercise
%K IL-6
%K PAI-1
%K Rehabilitation
%K SCI
%K Spinal cord injuries
%K TNF-α
%K WC
%K anthropometric index
%K body mass index
%K interleukin-6
%K maximum oxygen consumption
%K o(2)max
%K plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
%K spinal cord injury
%K tumor necrosis factor-alpha
%K waist circumference
%~ Universidad de Cádiz