%0 Journal Article 
%A Horrillo Quintero, Pablo
%A De la Cruz-Loredo, Iván
%A García Triviño, Pablo
%A Ugalde-Loo, Carlos E.
%A Fernández Ramírez, Luis Miguel
%T Impact of Thermal Stores on Multi-Energy Microgrids with Multi-Layer Dynamic Control Architecture
%D 2025
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10498/35711
%X Thermal energy storage systems (TESSs) enhance multi-energy microgrids (MEMGs) operation
by optimizing energy management. While previous research primarily focused on optimizing the
MEMG operation using static MEMG models, this paper analyzes the dynamic impact of TESS
on a grid-connected residential MEMG. This includes a photovoltaic plant, an electrical battery,
and a hydrogen system with an electrolyzer, a fuel cell, and hydrogen tank. The thermal subsystem
includes a gas boiler, a micro-combined heat and power (CHP) unit, an electric boiler, and a TESS
tank. A novel intelligent control architecture based on fuzzy logic, model predictive control, and
nonlinear optimization is presented to control the MEMG. Simulation results with TESS reveal a
balanced heat production and demand, and improved temperature control. The integral time
squared error (ITSE) is reduced by 91 % for the hot water circuit control and 81% for the overall
thermal balance of the MEMG. The improved control scheme also reduces the gas consumption,
with a reduction of 12.44% for the gas boiler, 1.81% for the CHP, and 8.66% in total, leading in
turn to reduced operational costs (by 6%) and CO2 emissions (by 8.37%) compared to the MEMG
operation without a TESS under the same control scheme.
%K Multi-energy microgrid
%K thermal energy storage
%K dynamic control
%K hydrogen
%K electrical power
%~ Universidad de Cádiz