http://hdl.handle.net/10498/6632 2026-11-07T16:53:47Z 2026-11-07T16:53:47Z Escobedo, V. M. Acuña-Rodríguez, I.S. García, L.Y. Torres-Díaz, C. Atala, C. Suazo, M.J. Gómez González, Susana Newsham, K.K. Molina-Montenegro, M.A. http://hdl.handle.net/10498/40547 2026-11-05T05:08:04Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Native woody species depend on the soil microbiome to establish on burned soils, while non-native do not Escobedo, V. M.; Acuña-Rodríguez, I.S.; García, L.Y.; Torres-Díaz, C.; Atala, C.; Suazo, M.J.; Gómez González, Susana; Newsham, K.K.; Molina-Montenegro, M.A. Wildfires are important natural disturbances with profound ecological impacts. However, our understanding of how to restore plant–soil microbiome interactions following wildfires remains limited, revealing a key knowledge gap in post-wildfire ecosystem restoration. To assess the restoration of plant-microbiome interactions in fire-affected ecosystems, we conducted greenhouse experiments simulating wildfire effects on soil collected from Maulino Coastal Forest of central Chile, a biodiversity hotspot. We measured the plant height and photosynthesis over 90 days, and two-year survival probability, of three common native (Aristotelia chilensis, Nothofagus glauca and N. alessandrii) and three non-native species (Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus radiata and Genista monspessulana) planted in three soils (unburned, burned and burned soil inoculated with the native microbiome). Available nutrient concentrations (N, P and K) and activities of microbial enzymes (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase and urease) were also measured over 360 days. Available nutrient concentrations were consistently higher in burned and burned-inoculated soils than in unburned soils. Enzyme activities in unburned and burned-inoculated soils remained higher than in burned soil, indicating that the native microbiome restored microbial enzyme activities. The increase in height over 90 days was lower in burned soils compared with unburned soils for native species. However, inoculation with the native microbiome mitigated this negative effect, resulting in height increases similar to those in unburned soils. For non-native species, burning and inoculation had negligible effects on the height increases. Similar patterns were observed for the increase in photosynthetic rate, with native species showing a reduced rate in burned soils, which was offset by microbiome inoculation, while non-native species were unaffected by both treatments. Survival probability of native species declined in burned soil, but was the same in burned-inoculated soil as in unburned soil. That of non-native species was unaffected by burning or by inoculation with the native microbiome. Synthesis and applications. Native microbiomes are evidently promising tools to safeguard ecosystem functionality and mitigate species extinction risks arising from climate change and human-induced wildfires. We advocate integrating microbiomes into future active restoration strategies for fire-affected ecosystems.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z González Olalla, Juan Manuel Cabrerizo, M.J. Medina-Sánchez, J.M. Villar-Argaiz, M. Carrillo, P. http://hdl.handle.net/10498/40539 2026-11-05T05:00:59Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Lessons from 30 years of multiple-stressor experiments on microbial plankton in a Spanish high-mountain lake González Olalla, Juan Manuel; Cabrerizo, M.J.; Medina-Sánchez, J.M.; Villar-Argaiz, M.; Carrillo, P. The impact of multiple environmental stressors on freshwater ecosystems has been linked to the study of global change and its effects on biotic communities since the last quarter of the 20th century. In the high mountain lakes of Sierra Nevada National Park (Spain), these studies emerged in the early 1990s, initially aiming to determine whether the most influent environmental stressors in the region (ultra-oligotrophy and high UV radiation) could explain the unique properties of the microbial communities in these systems (a simple, phytoplankton-dominated structure). Later, the focus shifted toward understanding how environmental stressors associated with global change could shape their trophic structure and functioning. In this review, we analyze the 35 experimental studies carried out in the Lakes of Sierra Nevada, with the aim of synthesizing the existing information on the combined effects of different stressors in these ecosystems. The findings highlight a predominant interest in studying the effects of nutrients and UV radiation on phytoplankton and bacterial communities. Interestingly, we report an increase in positive effects on variables such as chlorophyll-a, primary production, and bacterial production as the number of interacting stressors increases. The combination of stressors leads to a higher proportion of non-additive effects (-90%) over additive ones (-10%), with antagonistic effects predominantly affecting autotrophic variables and synergistic effects affecting heterotrophic ones. Taken together, the evidence indicates that while the microbial network structure in Sierra Nevada lakes shows a certain resistance to multiple stressors, their chronic effects may reveal an incipient shift toward a greater prominence of the bacterial compartment, ultimately transforming the microbial food web dynamics in these ecosystems.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Picó Jordá, Sergio Almaraz, P. Godoy del Olmo, Oscar http://hdl.handle.net/10498/40538 2026-11-05T05:01:54Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Species Accumulation Stabilizes the Synchronous Responses to the Environment of Vertebrate Communities Worldwide Picó Jordá, Sergio; Almaraz, P.; Godoy del Olmo, Oscar Multiple drivers contribute to community stability measured as the temporal invariability of total abundance, density, or biomass. However, the direct and indirect effects of these drivers, such as number of species, synchrony between species, species' life strategies, and environmental conditions in communities of terrestrial vertebrates remain unclear. To address this gap, we compiled a worldwide dataset of time series corresponding to 124 natural communities of terrestrial vertebrates including mammals, birds, and reptiles. We found that communities tend to be more synchronous than expected under the theoretical scenario of weak covariance between species because, at the interannual level, shared responses to the environment predominate over compensatory dynamics. Furthermore, piecewise structural equation models reveal that the number of species had a consistent positive effect on stability (either directly or indirectly via synchrony), but the sign and magnitude of the paths involving synchrony changed depending on the metric used and whether detrending was applied or not. Interestingly, we did not find the expected decreasing latitudinal gradient in community stability towards the poles. Our results demonstrate that the synchrony metrics used are not interchangeable and thus, whenever we use multivariate methods to understand the relation between richness, synchrony, and stability, our results may depend on how we define synchrony and how we measure it. Put together, our results also reinforce the idea of the predominance of environmental forcing over compensatory dynamics and the key role of the accumulation of species (statistical averaging) for the temporal stability of ecological communities.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Funosas, David Sebastián-González, E. Morant, Jon Marín Gómez, O.H. Mendoza, Irene Mohedano Muñoz, Miguel A. Santamaría, E. Bastianelli, Giulia Marquez Rodríguez, Alba Budka, Michał Bota, G. Alonso-Moya, C.D. De la Peña Rubio, José M. de la Morena, E.L.G. Santa-Cruz, M. de la Nava, Pablo Fernández Tizón, Mario Sánchez Mateos, Hugo Barrero, Adrián Traba, Juan Osiejuk, Tomasz S. Hart, Patrick J Navine, Amanda K. Montoya Muñoz, Andrés F. de Araujo, Carlos B. Rosa, G.L.M. Torres, I.M.D. Catalano, Ana L. Simões, C.R. Llusia, Diego Morales, M.B. Acebes, Pablo Medina, J.A. Brown, N. Astaras, Christos Karmiris, I. Navarrete, E. Cauchoix, Maxime Barbaro, Luc Arend, D. Müeller, Sandra González-García, F. González Romero, Alberto Mammides, Christos Pontikis, Michaelangelo Jacuzzi, Giordano Olden, Julian D. Bombaci, Sara P. Marcacci, Gabriel Jacot, Alain Zurano, J.P. Gangenova, Elena Varela, D. di Sallo, Facundo Zurita, Gustavo A. Atemasov, Andrey Tremblay, Junior A. Lamarre, V. Hutschenreiter, A. Monroy Ojeda, Alan Díaz Vallejo, Mauricio Chaparro Herrera, Sergio Briers, Robert A. Sousa Lima, Renata Pinheiro, Thiago Da Silva, W.C. Calvente, Alice Paz, R.V. Salustio Gomes, Carlos Oliveira Junior, Dorgival D. Lima Santos, Cicero S. Pichorim, Mauro Molin, A.D. Antonelli, Alexandre Gogoleva, Svetlana Palko, Igo Trong, Hiếu V. Duarte, M.H.L. dos Santos Saturnino, Natalia Silva, S.R. Rainho, Ana Lopes, P. Schuchmann, Karl L. Marques, M.I. de Oliverira Tissiani, A.S. Littlewood, Nick A. Tuanmu, Mao-Ning Kepfer Rojas, Sebastian Aguilera, A.L. Brotons, Lluís Feldman, M.J. Imbeau, Louis Panwar, Pooja Weed, Aaron S. Dehwal, Anant Attisano, Alfredo Theuerkauf, Jörn Goodale, Eben Darras, K.F.A. Pérez Granados, Cristian http://hdl.handle.net/10498/40520 2026-10-31T05:02:16Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

A global assessment of BirdNET performance: Differences among continents, biomes, and species Funosas, David; Sebastián-González, E.; Morant, Jon; Marín Gómez, O.H.; Mendoza, Irene; Mohedano Muñoz, Miguel A.; Santamaría, E.; Bastianelli, Giulia; Marquez Rodríguez, Alba; Budka, Michał; Bota, G.; Alonso-Moya, C.D.; De la Peña Rubio, José M.; de la Morena, E.L.G.; Santa-Cruz, M.; de la Nava, Pablo; Fernández Tizón, Mario; Sánchez Mateos, Hugo; Barrero, Adrián; Traba, Juan; Osiejuk, Tomasz S.; Hart, Patrick J; Navine, Amanda K.; Montoya Muñoz, Andrés F.; de Araujo, Carlos B.; Rosa, G.L.M.; Torres, I.M.D.; Catalano, Ana L.; Simões, C.R.; Llusia, Diego; Morales, M.B.; Acebes, Pablo; Medina, J.A.; Brown, N.; Astaras, Christos; Karmiris, I.; Navarrete, E.; Cauchoix, Maxime; Barbaro, Luc; Arend, D.; Müeller, Sandra; González-García, F.; González Romero, Alberto; Mammides, Christos; Pontikis, Michaelangelo; Jacuzzi, Giordano; Olden, Julian D.; Bombaci, Sara P.; Marcacci, Gabriel; Jacot, Alain; Zurano, J.P.; Gangenova, Elena; Varela, D.; di Sallo, Facundo; Zurita, Gustavo A.; Atemasov, Andrey; Tremblay, Junior A.; Lamarre, V.; Hutschenreiter, A.; Monroy Ojeda, Alan; Díaz Vallejo, Mauricio; Chaparro Herrera, Sergio; Briers, Robert A.; Sousa Lima, Renata; Pinheiro, Thiago; Da Silva, W.C.; Calvente, Alice; Paz, R.V.; Salustio Gomes, Carlos; Oliveira Junior, Dorgival D.; Lima Santos, Cicero S.; Pichorim, Mauro; Molin, A.D.; Antonelli, Alexandre; Gogoleva, Svetlana; Palko, Igo; Trong, Hiếu V.; Duarte, M.H.L.; dos Santos Saturnino, Natalia; Silva, S.R.; Rainho, Ana; Lopes, P.; Schuchmann, Karl L.; Marques, M.I.; de Oliverira Tissiani, A.S.; Littlewood, Nick A.; Tuanmu, Mao-Ning; Kepfer Rojas, Sebastian; Aguilera, A.L.; Brotons, Lluís; Feldman, M.J.; Imbeau, Louis; Panwar, Pooja; Weed, Aaron S.; Dehwal, Anant; Attisano, Alfredo; Theuerkauf, Jörn; Goodale, Eben; Darras, K.F.A.; Pérez Granados, Cristian Recent advances in machine learning have accelerated automated species detection across diverse ecological domains, enabling large-scale, non-invasive monitoring of biodiversity. In ornithological research, the combination of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) and rapidly-developing novel identification tools such as BirdNET-a deep learning-based sound recognition algorithm-offers new opportunities for surveying vocally active bird communities. Here, we present the first worldwide evaluation of BirdNET using 4224 one-minute recordings from 67 sites across all continents annotated by local experts. More specifically, we assessed the capacity of BirdNET to accurately identify individual vocalizations and characterize bird communities based on the automated analysis of passively collected soundscapes. We further analyzed how its performance varies across continents, biomes, species, and minimum confidence thresholds. The proportion of correct BirdNET predictions (precision) was generally high and consistent across continents (range: 0.57-0.71) and biomes (range: 0.55-0.76). In contrast, the proportion of vocalizations successfully detected (recall) was generally lower and more heterogeneous across continents (range: 0.24-0.52) and biomes (range: 0.34-0.72), reflecting differences in species coverage and local ecological context. BirdNET predictive power, as measured by the Precision-Recall Area Under the Curve (PR AUC; higher values indicating better performance), was highest in North America, Oceania, and Europe (range: 0.16-0.23), moderate in Central/South America (0.13), and lowest in Africa and Asia (range: 0.03-0.04). Species-specific analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity in detection accuracy, with optimal confidence thresholds varying widely by species and analytical goal. Our results establish a global reference point for BirdNET reliability and highlight where algorithmic refinement and expanded acoustic sampling are most needed.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z