http://hdl.handle.net/10498/6767 Thu, 05 Nov 2026 08:33:08 GMT 2026-11-05T08:33:08Z http://hdl.handle.net/10498/40474 Next Generation of Smart Grid Technologies Fernández Ramírez, Luis Miguel; Lai, C.S.; Dehghanian, P. The emergence of smart cities demands a fundamental transformation in how energy is managed, positioning smart grid technologies as a key driver in urban progress. Through the integration of various energy resources (renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, green hydrogen, electric vehicles, etc.), grid-edge power electronics, advanced control systems, and information and communication technologies with conventional power grids, smart grids facilitate efficient, dependable, and eco-friendly energy use in city settings. This Special Issue examines the impactful role of smart grid technologies in defining the future of smart cities. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10498/40474 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39516 Experimental study of distributed control for renewable energy/energy storage/hydrogen system-based microgrid clusters using Raspberry Pi agents Carrasco González, David; Sarrias Mena, Raúl; Horrillo Quintero, Pablo; Hosseini, Ehsan; Llorens Iborra, Francisco; Fernández Ramírez, Luis Miguel Microgrid clusters (MGCs) are emerging as a promising solution for integrating diverse DC and AC technologies, thereby enhancing flexibility and resilience. This research presents an experimental study of a control strategy for a MGC comprising two microgrids (MGs), interconnected with each other: a DC MG with a wind generator, an ultracapacitor, DC local loads, and a hydrogen system; and an AC MG that includes an electric battery, AC local loads, and a photovoltaic power plant. Through experimental validation, this research produces valuable findings into the design and implementation of advanced MGC technologies. The proposed control strategy leverages local controllers and a distributed control architecture that includes two control agents, which coordinates the power management between the technologies of the MGC. The experimental setup, consisting of an OPAL-RT unit and two Raspberry Pi boards, is implemented for the real-time testing and verification of the control methodology across a range of operational scenarios. The real-time experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology. Additionally, the control strategy exhibits superior integral time absolute error performance compared to a centralized control architecture. Finally, a study on communication delays across all control agents reveals that while performance degrades, system stability is maintained. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39516 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39515 Dynamic real-time control for a multi-energy prosumer with electricity and heat Horrillo Quintero, Pablo; García Triviño, Pablo; Ugalde-Loo, Carlos Ernesto; Carrasco González, David; Péric, Vedran S.; Fernández Ramírez, Luis Miguel Multi-energy prosumers have emerged as a promising avenue for curtailing energy consumption by integrating diverse energy vectors in a synchronised operation. Prevailing investigations have predominantly focused on static analyses directed at optimising cost functions for power dispatch problems, often overlooking the dynamic facets of the system. This paper introduces a dynamic real-time control scheme for a multi-energy prosumer encompassing electricity and heat as energy vectors. A novel state-based energy management system (EMS) is designed, with the goal of ensuring energy balance (electrical and thermal), while prioritising the utilization of renewable energy and diminishing reliance on local electrical distribution networks. To this end, three different operating modes are defined regarding the real-time renewable capacity. The EMS and multi-energy prosumer are subjected to evaluation across several weather conditions in a 4-h variable load profile. A sensibility analysis considering 250 simulations of 1-h duration, with a wide range of irradiance, water demand, underfloor heating load, and state-of-charge conditions were used to validate the control response, demonstrating the lack of use of the local grid. Moreover, a real-time experiment employing hardware-in-the-loop testing with an OPAL-RT4512 unit and a dSPACE MicroLabBox control prototype confirms the adequate response in a practical scenario. Comparative validation against a fuzzy-logic benchmark throughout a 24-h dynamic horizon revealed that the proposed state-based EMS reduced grid dependency by 36.61% and auxiliary gas boiler by 2.23%. Furthermore, the architecture achieved a 30-fold reduction in computational time while maintaining negligible control errors, establishing its superior suitability for real-time implementation in prosumers environments. Fri, 01 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39515 2026-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39390 Coordinated Operation of Electricity, Hydrogen, and Thermal Systems in a Residential Multi-Energy Microgrid Horrillo Quintero, Pablo; García Triviño, Pablo; Hosseini, Ehsan; García Vázquez, Carlos Andrés; Sánchez Sainz, Higinio; Fernández Ramírez, Luis Miguel Multi-energy microgrids (MEMGs) represent a specific typology of microgrids that combine multiple energy carriers—including electricity, heat, cooling, and hydrogen—within a coordinated framework. Existing studies emphasize energy dispatch optimization and often neglect real-time dynamic control. This paper presents a novel fuzzy-logic control method for the coordinated operation of electricity, hydrogen, and thermal systems in a residential MEMG. A photovoltaic (PV) power plant serves as the primary renewable energy source, while thermal sources include an electric boiler and a chiller. Additionally, a gas boiler is integrated to manage the hot water circuit. A hybrid energy storage system (HESS), comprising a battery and a hydrogen system, enhances operational flexibility. The fuzzy logic-based energy management system (FL-EMS) dynamically coordinates the interaction among energy systems based on renewable energy input and the state of energy (SOE) of the HESS. The proposed method is evaluated through simulations and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing using OPAL-RT4512 and dSPACE MicroLabBox. The results show that the MEMG operates autonomously, with effective storage coordination and accurate thermal regulation. A sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness and adaptability of the FL-EMS, validating its suitability for real-time MEMG control. Compared to a machine-state-based EMS, the FL-EMS reduces the integral time-weighted squared error (ITSE) for temperature control by 49.38%, operating costs by 12.78%, and energy consumption by 15.05%. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39390 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z