Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente

Impulsando Competencias de Tecnología Ambiental mediante la alianza IA-Aprendizaje Cooperativo

Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Impulsando Competencias de Tecnología Ambiental mediante la alianza IA-Aprendizaje Cooperativo Ruiz Gonzalez, Jesús; Fernández Rodríguez, Juana; Moreno Andrés, Javier Este proyecto de innovación y mejora docente se desarrolla en la asignatura Tecnología Ambiental, impartida en varios grados de ingeniería de la ETSI de Algeciras y la ESI de Puerto Real. Su finalidad es reforzar competencias difíciles de alcanzar mediante la clase expositiva: resolución de problemas, toma de decisiones, trabajo en equipo multidisciplinar y consideración de factores ambientales. La actividad se organiza en tres sesiones de dos horas, correspondientes a los bloques de aguas, emisiones atmosféricas y residuos. En cada una se combinan: material de estudio generado con IA (ChatGPT o Gemini), la técnica cooperativa del Rompecabezas (Jigsaw), resolución de casos problema en grupos, evaluación compartida entre profesorado y estudiantado, y gamificación con insignias virtuales. Bajo un enfoque de evaluación como aprendizaje, el alumnado identificará sus carencias, lo que permitirá al profesorado reforzar los conceptos críticos en los temas siguientes.

Cognitive performance and psychological wellbeing in hybrid human-robot crews in space analog missions: The delayed unwinding paradox

Fri, 01 Jan 2027 00:00:00 GMT

Cognitive performance and psychological wellbeing in hybrid human-robot crews in space analog missions: The delayed unwinding paradox González de la Torre Benítez, Gabriel; Ramallo Luna, Miguel Ángel; López Ramírez, Juan Antonio; González de la Torre Muñoz, Sara; Parro, Victorino; Lominchar, Miguel A.; García Villadangos, Miriam; Carrasco Gómez, Martín; Zarandona Palacio, Pedro José; Claeys, Kato; Avila Rauch, Celia; Mintus, Agata; Ceballos, David; Violadé, Carlos; Ramirez, Cristina; Ráčková, Lucie Background The integration of UAVs and AI assistants into human exploration teams introduces both operational benefits and novel psychophysiological demands. As planetary exploration missions increasingly rely on human-robot collaboration, understanding the cognitive and psychological consequences of hybrid operational work becomes a critical priority for crew health and mission success. This study examines cognitive performance and psychological wellbeing in a Hybrid Team (n = 6) during a multi-day cave analog mission, comparing results against a pooled Non-Hybrid Teams dataset (N = 45; 8 missions). Methods NASA TLX (Task Load Index), WinSCAT cognitive assessment (pre, mid, post-mission), DASS-21, and POMS were administered at Astroland Ares Station (Cantabria, Spain). Mission operations incorporated UAV systems and simulated 7-min one-way Mars communication delays with Mission Control. Between-group comparisons used Mann-Whitney U tests; within-group longitudinal changes used Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests. Results The Hybrid Team showed significantly higher pre-mission sustained attention (CPT: 95.9 ± 1.4% vs 81.7 ± 18.4%; U = 200, p = .010, r = 0.67) and stable cognitive performance across all WinSCAT subtests. Non-Hybrid Teams showed significant CPT improvement over time (χ2 = 12.47, p = .002). Post-mission tension was significantly elevated in the Hybrid Team vs Non-Hybrid Teams (39.7 vs 32.4; p = .005) despite Non-Hybrid Teams showing significant tension reduction (p < .001). Fatigue increased in the Hybrid Team post-mission (W = 1, p = .094) while decreasing in Non-Hybrid Teams (p = .013). Conclusions Hybrid Team integration preserves cognitive performance but produced a post-mission unwinding failure pattern characterized by sustained activation that prevented emotional deactivation. Implications for recovery protocols and hybrid mission design are discussed.

Key emerging contaminants and their implications for water quality: A critical review of occurrence, regulation, and treatment performance

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Key emerging contaminants and their implications for water quality: A critical review of occurrence, regulation, and treatment performance Rodríguez Barroso, María del Rocío; Arteaga Naranjo, Miguel Oswaldo; Arellano López, Juana María; Albendín García, María Gemma; Coello Oviedo, María Dolores; Egea-Corbacho Lopera, Agata Emerging contaminants (ECs) have gained increasing scientific and societal attention in recent decades due to their environmental persistence, potential toxicity, and limited regulatory control. This review synthesizes current knowledge on their occurrence in aquatic systems, the evolving legislative framework, and the effectiveness of available removal technologies. Unlike previous papers that typically isolate specific pollutant classes, the novelty of this review lies in providing a unified framework that simultaneously integrates the environmental occurrence, regulatory evolution, and treatment performance of seven representative substances (diclofenac, azithromycin, 17β-estradiol, bisphenol-A, glyphosate, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam). Analysis of 92 scientific publications and regulatory documents revealed a marked rise in research activity between 2012 and 2025 confirming alarming concentrations across aquatic systems. A critical challenge identified is the widespread absence of binding concentration limits despite recent legislative progress (e.g., Directive (EU) 2024/3019), which severely hinders effective risk management. Another major challenge is the persistent failure of conventional wastewater treatments, coupled with significant knowledge gaps regarding full-scale removal of specific compounds like glyphosate. Spain's Royal Decree 1085/2024 requires monitoring of emerging contaminants in reclaimed water, but it does not establish binding concentration limits for many substances. High levels of these contaminants have been reported in surface water, wastewater, and groundwater. Twenty‑two removal technologies were identified, with multibarrier systems, ozonation combined with activated carbon, membrane bioreactors, and biochar adsorption achieving the highest efficiencies (typically >80%, and in some cases >90%). Conversely, conventional treatments such as activated sludge showed limited performance, and a significant knowledge gap regarding glyphosate removal under full-scale conditions and standardized monitoring frameworks. Ultimately, this review concludes that mitigating the threat of ECs will require the progressive adoption of quaternary treatments, supported by the development of harmonized and legally binding environmental thresholds.

Comparative Bibliometric Analysis of Biomethane Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Pig Slurry and Slaughterhouse Wastewater: Research Trends and Gaps

Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Comparative Bibliometric Analysis of Biomethane Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Pig Slurry and Slaughterhouse Wastewater: Research Trends and Gaps Candel Pecellin, María; Fernández Rodríguez, Juana; Solera del Río, María del Rosario; Pérez García, Montserrat This bibliometric study evaluates scientific production between 2015 and 2025 inclusive on anaerobic digestion of pig slurry and slaughterhouse wastewater for biomethane generation. A total of 1.414 documents were identified for pig slurry and 250 for slaughterhouse wastewater, reflecting a marked imbalance in research attention. For pig slurry, the literature shows strong consolidation, with consistent focus on biogas yield optimization, emission mitigation, and agricultural valorization of digestate. By contrast, slaughterhouse wastewater research is comparatively limited, fragmented across technical case studies, and often concerned with process inhibition, pretreatment strategies, and integrated treatment systems. Despite this disparity, both residues are recognized as important feedstocks for renewable energy recovery, with co-digestion offering particular promise in terms of process stability and biomethane enhancement.