Intervention programme to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of nursing students towards organ donation and transplantation: A randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Aim: To develop and evaluate an educational programme aimed at undergraduate training to increase and improve knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards the organ and tissue donation and transplants (OTDT). Background: The request for OTDT falls on the health personnel and the reduction of family refusals depends on their attitude and competence, which is vital to increase OTDT. The evidence highlights the efficacy of starting training at early stages and the implementation of educational programmes in universities is recommended to reduce family refusals. Design: A randomised controlled trial. Methods: A randomised controlled trial with an experimental group (EG) -theory class and round table- and a control group (CG) -theory class- that transitions to a delayed experimental group. A sample of 73 students was distributed in parallel randomised groups. Results: The groups increased their knowledge and improved their attitude, significantly changing their behaviour in the follow-up. These changes in the experimental groups were more significant than in CG in perceived quality of information (z = -4.948; p = <0.001), level of knowledge (EG1 and CG z = -2.245; p = 0.025) (EG2 and CG z = -2.215; p = 0.027), attitude (EG1 and CG z = -2.687; p = 0.007) (EG2 and CG z = -2.198; p = 0.028) and behaviour (EG1 and CG t = 2.054; p = 0.044) (EG2 and CG z = -2.797; p = 0.005). Conclusions: The education programme has proven effective, promoting knowledge, change and entrenchment of attitudes, facilitating conversations with families, enabling willingness to donate and increasing potential donors.

Objetivo: Desarrollar y evaluar un programa educativo dirigido a la formación de pregrado para aumentar y mejorar los conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos hacia la donación y trasplante de órganos y tejidos (OTDT). Antecedentes: La solicitud de OTDT recae en el personal de salud y de su actitud y competencia depende la reducción de las negativas familiares, lo cual es vital para incrementar la OTDT. La evidencia destaca la eficacia de iniciar la formación en etapas tempranas y se recomienda la implementación de programas educativos en las universidades para reducir las negativas familiares. Diseño: Un ensayo controlado aleatorizado. Métodos: Ensayo controlado aleatorizado con un grupo experimental (GE) -clase de teoría y mesa redonda- y un grupo control (GC) -clase de teoría- que transita a un grupo experimental diferido. Se distribuyó una muestra de 73 estudiantes en grupos aleatorios paralelos. Resultados: Los grupos aumentaron sus conocimientos y mejoraron su actitud, cambiando significativamente su comportamiento en el seguimiento. Estos cambios en los grupos experimentales fueron más significativos que en el GC en la calidad percibida de la información (z = −4,948; p = [eliminado]