Problematic internet use by university students and associated predictive factors: A systematic review (versión aceptada)

Abstract

Background Problematic Internet use (PIU) is an emerging public health problem, and university students comprise a high-risk population. This systematic review aims to examine the terminology, assessment tools, prevalence, and predictive factors associated with PIU in university students. Methods A literature review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched the Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Medline databases to identify relevant empirical studies published between 2013 and 2021. A total of 76 studies were included. Quality assessment and narrative synthesis were conducted. Results Variability was found in terminology and assessment tools. The prevalence rates of PIU varied (4 – 51%). The quality of the articles was adequate. Ten predictive factors for PIU have been identified, divided into three categories (patterns of use, psychological variables, and lifestyles). Among these, nine were risk factors (time spent online, online gaming, depression, negative affect, life stress, maladaptive cognitions, impulsivity, poor sleep quality, substance use (alcohol and drugs)), and one was a protective factor (conscientiousness). Conclusions The lack of consensus in the terminology, assessment tools, and diagnostic criteria of PIU was corroborated. Furthermore, the essential role of intrapsychic variables in PIU was demonstrated with important practical implications for developing preventive strategies.