Prevalence of Stroke in Spain and Its Impact on Quality of Life: Socioeconomic Inequalities and Access to Rehabilitation

Abstract

Stroke is a cerebrovascular syndrome due to a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain that causes transient or permanent damage. Despite advances in the field of medical science, stroke is still common and continues to have a significant effect on quality of life. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the prevalence of strokes in Spain, considering differences in sociodemographic factors, functional limitations, and access to rehabilitation, with special attention to sex-related disparities. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the latest European Health Survey in Spain carried out between 2019 and 2020 on a total of 22,072 people. Individuals over 16 years of age with a medical diagnosis of stroke were selected for this study. Sociodemographic variables, self-perception of health, limitations in daily activities, level of physical activity, and access to rehabilitation treatment were analyzed. Descriptive measures and inferential tests were applied for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of strokes occurring in Spain was estimated at 2.02%, which is lower than European figures. Men tend to have strokes at younger ages (50% between 36 and 73 years), while women report a poorer quality of life after the incident. Most patients had not received rehabilitation services in the last year. Conclusions: Given the aging population, it is essential to reinforce prevention, early detection and rehabilitation therapies to improve quality of life and reduce the burden of care.