Bipolar Disorder in Disabled Adult Spanish Population—Factors Associated with Self-Reported Health Status in These Subjects: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background/Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder (BD) in a Spanish disabled adult population (DAP), the differences in sociodemographic and clinical variables in the DAP with and without BD, and the factors associated with self-reported health status in the DAP with BD. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study including N = 11,130 adults from the “Disability, Personal Autonomy and Dependency Situations Survey 2020” carried out in Spain by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE). We used secondary data with self-reported information on sociodemographic, mental and physical health status (HS), difficulties in daily living, and use of health services. We estimated the prevalence of BD in the DAP. Bivariate analyses were carried out to compare the DAP with/without BD and multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyse factors associated with self-reported HS in the DAP with BD. Results: The prevalence of BD in the DAP is 2.42%. People with BD were younger, showed more anxiety and musculoskeletal diseases, reported worse HS, performed less physical and social activities, had more social difficulties and less contact with other people, used more health services, and reported discrimination due to their disability. Older age (OR = 1.030) and the presence of anxiety (OR = 4.479) were related to worse self-reported HS. Conclusions: BD is present in 2.42% of the Spanish DAP with significant consequences for their HS. Our findings summarise some of the main factors that characterise the BD population with disability versus those without BD and show that anxiety is an important factor affecting the perception of HS.