Human Trafficking Myths and Realities: Insights From NGO Support Workers in Southern Spain

Abstract

Human trafficking (HT) is often misunderstood due to public myths and media distortion, which hinder effective identification of and support for victims. This study employed thematic analysis of interviews with 10 participants who had several years of experience providing voluntary professional support (social, psychological, or legal) in nongovernmental organizations assisting victims of HT in southern Spain. The interviews explored participants’ perceptions of trafficking myths, their professional experiences with victims, and their views on how trafficking is represented and understood by the public and institutions. Seven key themes were identified: dehumanization and exploitation, victim profiles, recruitment methods, social normalization and concealment, institutional blind spots, structural inequality, and trafficking myths. The findings highlight the need for improved public education, more nuanced media portrayals, and policy reforms that reflect the complex realities of HT. These insights can inform more inclusive and effective interventions.