RT journal article
T1 Examining the structure of ideas of reference in clinical and community samples
A1 Rodríguez-Testal, Juan F.
A1 Bendala-Rodríguez, Pedro
A1 Perona-Garcelán, Salvador
A1 Senín Calderón, María Cristina
A2 Psicología
K1 Referential thinking
K1 Ideas of reference
K1 REF scale
K1 Proneness to psychosis
K1 Schizophrenia
AB Aims: This study addresses the psychometric properties of a Spanish validation of the REF scale of ideas of reference (IRs) in detecting and following at-risk mental states and psychosis.Methods: A total of 9447 participants were distributed in three groups: 676 patients with various diagnoses-154 with psychotic disorders, 6291 youths aged 11 to 20, and 2480 adult participants aged 21 to 84.Results: Youths had higher scores than adults on IRs, observing a progressive decrease and stabilization in the twenties. Exploratory factor analysis provided a structure for the overall IRs score, with five first-order dimensions and one second-order dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure with excellent fit. The REF scale was invariant across sex and samples. The internal consistency of the complete scale was excellent and acceptable across the five first-order factors. Strong relationships were found with the positive dimension of the community assessment of psychic experience-42, as well as with aberrant salience. Low and moderate relationships were found with public self-consciousness, anxiety, and depression. Youths and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders had a high mean IRs frequency. Male sex, greater age (among the adults), and the "causal explanations", "Songs, newspapers, books" and laughing and commenting" REF subscales showed predictive power in the diagnostic categories of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
PB W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
SN 0010-440X
YR 2019
FD 2019
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/22905
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/22905
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 15-nov-2026