RT journal article T1 A study of the differences among EFL/ESL methods for reading Comprehension and language awareness T2 Diferencias entre métodos de lengua extranjera en relación con la comprensión lectora y conciencia lingüística A1 Núñez Vázquez, Isabel María A1 Crismán Pérez, Rafael Fernando A2 Filología A2 Psicología K1 cognitive development K1 ESL K1 language comprehension K1 language awareness K1 reading AB The present paper reports on the effectiveness of the Grammar-Translation Method, Communicative Language Teaching and Content and Language Integrated Learning upon reading comprehension and language awareness. The study recruited a convenience sample of 164 Spanish students from a rural area in southern Spain who randomly received these three ESL/EFL methods. The research was focused on two hypotheses. Firstly, L2 reading learning is more effective from CLT and CLIL than GTM. Secondly, CLT and CLIL demand more contextual learning. Results showed CLT method offered more similar results among the reading comprehension tasks (p<.01). However, from a descriptive study, GTM obtained the best performance globally. In all three methods, scores were weakest for pragmatic awareness. However, the interaction between reading comprehension and language awareness suggested that the intervention was more supportive for CLT. Also, significant intra-gender differences according to the learning methodology were found. Study limitations and future research recommendations also were discussed. PB UNIV GRANADA SN 1697-7467 YR 2021 FD 2021-01 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/24617 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/24617 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 13-nov-2026