RT journal article T1 A Novel Route for the Easy Production of Thermochromic VO₂ Nanoparticles A1 Santos Izquierdo-Bueno, Antonio Jesús A1 Escanciano, Marta A1 Suárez Llorens, Alfonso A1 Yeste Siguenza, María del Pilar A1 Morales Sánchez, Francisco Miguel A2 Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica A2 Estadística e Investigación Operativa K1 differential scanning calorimetry K1 vanadium oxidation K1 vanadium dioxide synthesis K1 vanadium dioxide doping K1 X-ray diffraction AB In this work, a simple, fast and dry method for the fabrication of a thermochromic product with a high load of VO2 (M1) consisting of the controlled heat treatment of pure vanadium nanoparticles in air is presented. After a complete design of experiments, it is concluded that the most direct way to attain the maximum transformation of V into VO2 (M1) consists of one cycle with a fast heating ramp of 42°Cs-1 , followed by keeping 700°C for 530-600 seconds, and a subsequent cooling at 0.05°Cs-1 . Careful examination of these results lead to a second optimum, even more suitable for industrial production (quicker and less energy-intensive because of its lower temperatures and shorter times), consisting of subjecting V to two consecutive cycles of temperatures and times (625°C for 5 minutes) with similar preheating (42°Cs-1 ) but a much faster postcooling ( 8°Cs-1 ). These green reactions only use the power for heating a tube open to atmosphere and a vanadium precursor; without assistance of reactive gases or catalysts, and no special vacuum or pressure requirements. The best products present similar thermochromic properties but higher thermal stability than commercial VO2 particles. These methods can be combined with VO2 doping. PB Wiley SN 1521-3765 YR 2021 FD 2021-10 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/25744 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/25744 LA eng NO A. J. Santos would like to thank the IMEYMAT Institute and theSpanish Ministerio de Educación y Cultura for the concessionsof grants (ICARO-173873 and FPU16-04386). University of Cádizand IMEYMAT are also agreed by financing the mutual facilitiesavailable at the UCA R&D Central Services (SC-ICYT), the UCAproject references “PUENTE PR2020-003” and “OTRI AT2019/032”, and the IMEYMAT projects “PLP2019120-3” and“PLP2021120-1”. Additional support was given by the SpanishState Agency of Research through the “Retos” call (Project No.1572, Ref. PID2020-114418RB-I00/ AEI / 10.13039/501100011033). The regional government of Andalusia withFEDER cofunding also participates through the projects AT-5983Trewa 1157178 and FEDER-UCA18-10788, and the contracthiring M. Escanciano. DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 07-nov-2026