RT journal article T1 Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electric Ship by Real-Time Verification A1 Torreglosa, Juan P. A1 González Rivera, Enrique A1 García Triviño, Pablo A1 Vera, David A2 Ingeniería Eléctrica K1 hybrid-electric ship K1 hybrid-electric propulsion system K1 hybrid-electric vehicle K1 electric propulsion ship K1 shipboard power system K1 electric naval propulsion K1 hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation K1 real-time simulation K1 energy management K1 benchmark AB International maritime transport organizations are proposing regulatory actions and strategiesaimed at decarbonizing the sector to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which currentlyconstitute around 3% of the global total. Hybrid propulsion systems have significant potential in thisrespect, as a means of power-saving in ships. This paper describes a high-fidelity benchmark forhybrid-electric vessels, combining diesel generators and batteries. The benchmark consists of detailedmodels, the parameters of which are provided so that the models can be reproduced. The proposedhybrid-electric ship topology and control system was validated using real-time hardware-in-the-loop(HIL) simulations on a Typhoon HIL402 platform. The results provide a detailed analysis of the operationof the different components under varying conditions, which should be useful in prototypingthese kinds of systems. In addition, the response of the system was evaluated with regard to potentialdisturbances resulting from the control system’s operation. The results show the system performedcorrectly during these transitory events, with no undesirable responses PB MDPI SN 1996-1073 YR 2022 FD 2022-03 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/26744 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/26744 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 10-may-2026