RT journal article T1 Toward Automated Feature Extraction for Deep Learning Classification of Electrocardiogram Signals A1 Sajid Butt, Fatima A1 Wagner, Matthias F. A1 Schaefer, Joerg A1 Gómez-Ullate Oteiza, David A2 Ingeniería Informática K1 Electrocardiograph K1 benchmark testing K1 fall detection K1 time series analysis K1 machine learning K1 deep learning K1 LSTM K1 CNN K1 attention K1 transformer K1 PTB XL AB Many recent studies have focused on the automatic classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using deep learning (DL) methods. Most rely on existing complex DL methods, such as transfer learning or providing the models with carefully designed extracted features based on domain knowledge. A common assumption is that the deeper and more complex the DL model is, the better it learns. In this study, we propose two different DL models for automatic feature extraction from ECG signals for classification tasks: A CNN-LSTM hybrid model and an attention/transformer-based model with wavelet transform for the dimensional embedding. Both of the models extract the features from time series at the initial layers of the neural networks and can obtain performance at least equal to, if not greater than, many contemporary deep neural networks. To validate our hypothesis, we used three publicly available data-sets to evaluate the proposed models. Our model achieved a benchmark accuracy of 99.92% for fall detection and 99.93% for the PTB database for myocardial infarction versus normal heartbeat classification. PB IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC SN 2169-3536 YR 2022 FD 2022 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/28744 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/28744 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 10-may-2026