RT journal article
T1 Analytical Performance of Electromembranes as a Tool for Nanoconcentrations of Silver in Waters
A1 Mendiguchía Martínez, Carolina
A1 Moreno Aguilar, Carlos
A1 Silva García, Macarena
A2 Química Analítica
K1 Draper–Lin design
K1 electromembranes
K1 hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction
K1 seawater
K1 silver
K1 tri-isobutylphosphine sulphide
AB Electromembranes increase the efficiency of metal transport in liquid-phase microextraction systems by applying an electric potential, which accelerates the transport. Nevertheless, to get high extraction percentages in short extraction times it is necessary to take into account a great variety of factors, and multivariate optimization techniques are the best alternative to determine the most influential variables and to optimize the extraction process. In this work, a fractional factorial design was applied to determine the most influential variables in the extraction of silver by electromembranes. Thus, the effect of tri-isobutylphosphine sulphide (Cyanex 471x) concentration in the organic solution, sodium thiosulphate concentration in the acceptor solution, nitrate concentration in the sample solution, extraction time, stirring rate and electric potential on the enrichment factor were studied. Once the most important variables were selected, a small composite design (Draper–Lin) was used to obtain their optimal values to maximize the enrichment factor. Under these conditions, an experimental enrichment factor of 49.91 ± 3.95 was achieved after 22 min. Finally, the effect of saline matrix on the enrichment factor was tested and the optimized system was successfully applied to analyse silver concentrations at ultratrace levels, within the range of 7–29 ng·L−1 in different real seawater samples
PB MDPI
SN 2077-0375
YR 2022
FD 2022-12-21
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/29159
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/29159
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 12-nov-2026