RT journal article T1 Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study A1 Bermejo Martin, Jesús F. A1 García Mateo, Nadia A1 Motos, Anna A1 Resino, Salvador A1 Tamayo, Luis A1 Ryan Murua, Pablo A1 Bustamante Munguira, Elena A1 Gallego Curto, Elena A1 Úbeda Iglesias, Alejandro A1 de la Torre, María del Carmen A1 Estella García, Ángel A1 Campos Fernández, Sandra A1 Martínez Varela, Ignacio A1 Pérez García, Felipe A1 Socias, Lorenzo A1 López Messa, Juan A1 Vidal Cortés, Pablo A1 Sagredo Meneses, Víctor A1 González Rivera, Milagros A1 Carbonell, Nieves A1 de Gonzalo Calvo, David A1 Martín Delgado, María Cruz A1 Valdivia, Luis Jorge A1 Martín López, Caridad A1 Jorge García, Ruth Noemí A1 Maseda, Emilio A1 Loza Vázquez, Ana A1 Kelvin, David J. A1 Barbé, Ferrán A1 Torres, Antoni A1 Ortega, Alicia A1 de la Fuente, Amanda A1 Almansa, Raquel A1 Postigo, Tamara A1 Jorge, Noelia A1 Tedim, Ana P. A1 González González, Laura A1 Sánchez Recio, Lara A1 Trapiello, Wysali A1 Berezo, José Ángel A1 Herrán Monge, Rubén A1 Blanco, Jesús A1 Enríquez, Pedro A1 Martínez, Isidoro A1 Martín Vicente, María A1 Muñoz Gómez, María José A1 Más, Vicente A1 Vázquez, Mónica A1 Cano, Olga A1 Martínez de la Gándara, Amalia A1 Rodríguez, Covadonga A1 Andrade, Gloria A1 Renedo, Gloria A1 Bustamante Munguira, Juan A1 Cicuendez Ávila, Ramón A1 Salgado Villén, María A1 Berruguilla Pérez, Enrique A1 Güell, Estel A1 Casadiego Monachello, Fernando Javier A1 Recuerda Núñez, María A1 Sánchez Calvo, Juan Manuel A1 Peñasco Martín, Yhivian A1 García Unzueta, María Teresa A1 Ceccato, Adrián A1 Fernández Barat, Laia A1 Bouza Vieiro, María Teresa A1 Moreno Romero, Ana A1 Pérez Bastida, Leire A1 del Río Carbajo, Lorena A1 Albalá Martínez, Noelia A1 Gómez, José Manuel A1 Blasco, María Luisa A1 Caballero, Jesús A1 Barberà, Carme A1 González, Jessica A1 Nieto, María Teresa A1 Nieto del Olmo, Jorge A1 Prol Silva, Estefanía A1 Canseco Ribas, Joan A1 Eiros, Jose María A2 BiomedicinaBiotecnología y Salud Pública A2 Medicina K1 COVID-19 K1 viral R load K1 cause death AB Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to an intensive care unit between March 16, 2020, and Feb 27, 2021. RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid region 1 (N1) was quantified in plasma samples collected from patients in the first 48 h following admission, using digital PCR. Patients were grouped on the basis of N1 quantity: VIR-N1-Zero ([removed]2747 N1 copies per mL). The primary outcome was all-cause death within 90 days after admission. We evaluated odds ratios (ORs) for the primary outcome between groups using a logistic regression analysis. Findings: 1068 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 117 had insufficient plasma samples and 115 had key information missing. 836 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 403 (48%) were in the VIR-N1-Low group, 283 (34%) were in the VIR-N1-Storm group, and 150 (18%) were in the VIR-N1-Zero group. Overall, patients in the VIR-N1-Storm group had the most severe disease: 266 (94%) of 283 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 116 (41%) developed acute kidney injury, 180 (65%) had secondary infections, and 148 (52%) died within 90 days. Patients in the VIR-N1-Zero group had the least severe disease: 81 (54%) of 150 received IMV, 34 (23%) developed acute kidney injury, 47 (32%) had secondary infections, and 26 (17%) died within 90 days (OR for death 0·30, 95% CI 0·16–0·55; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). 106 (26%) of 403 patients in the VIR-N1-Low group died within 90 days (OR for death 0·39, 95% CI 0·26–0·57; p[removed] PB Elsevier SN 2666-5247 YR 2023 FD 2023-04-25 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/29593 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/29593 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 04-nov-2026