RT journal article T1 A study on multi-level redundancy allocation in coherent systems formed by modules A1 Torrado, Nuria A1 Arriaza Gómez, Antonio Jesús A1 Navarro, Jorge A2 Estadística e Investigación Operativa K1 Reliability Hierarchical system structure K1 System/modular/component redundancy K1 Stochastic comparisons K1 Optimal component allocation K1 Copulas AB The present work studies the effect of redundancies on the reliability of coherent systems formed by modules. Different redundancies at components’ level versus redundancies at modules’ level are investigated, including active and standby redundancies. For that, a new model is presented. This model takes into account the dependence among the components, as well as, the dependence among the modules of the system. In both cases, the dependence structure is modeled by copula functions. Several results are provided to compare systems consisting of heterogeneous components. The comparisons are distribution-free with respect to the components. In particular, we consider the cases when the components in the modules are independent and connected (or not) in series, and when the components are dependent within the modules. In both cases, it is assumed that the modules can be dependent. Furthermore, the case in which the components in each module are identically distributed (dependent or independent) is also considered. We illustrate the theoretical results with several examples. PB Elsevier SN 0951-8320 YR 2021 FD 2021 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/30208 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/30208 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 21-sep-2026