RT journal article T1 Incorporating the Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic (OSA) Process into an Anoxic–Oxic System for Sewage Sludge Reduction and Nutrient Removal A1 Romero Pareja, Pablo Mª A1 Aragón Cruz, Carlos Alberto A1 Quiroga Alonso, José María A1 Coello Oviedo, María Dolores A2 Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente K1 sewage sludge K1 OSA process K1 biological nutrient removal AB The production of sludge in biological wastewater treatmentsis a growing problem worldwide as it entails economic,environmental, and health problems. The oxicsettling-anaerobic (OSA) process is one of the techniquesthat have been developed to reduce the sludge produced inthe activated sludge process (ASP). This article reports thefeasibility of the application of the OSA process in a nutrientremoval system, specifically, in an anoxic–oxic (A) process.The results reveal TN removal in the A1OSA system of68.84% and 69.91% (for 7 and 11 h of sludge anaerobicexposure time, SAET, respectively) versus 38.02% and 32.47%in the OSA system with similar SAET. The percentage sludgereductions obtained were, respectively, 22.41% and 31.93%in the OSA system and 23.53% and 32.49% in the A1OSAsystem compared to the sludge produced in the conventionalASP. The study confirms the suitability of the application ofthe OSA process in a nutrient removal system, as nutrientremoval performances are not affected, while at the sametime achieving higher sludge reduction SN 1944-7442 YR 2018 FD 2018 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/30235 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/30235 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 21-sep-2026