RT journal article T1 DEA window analysis and Malmquist index to assess efficiency and productivity in the Spanish electricity sector A1 Sánchez Ortiz, Jaime A1 García Valderrama, Teresa A1 Rodríguez Cornejo, Vanesa María A1 Cabrera Monroy, Francisca Josef A2 Economía Financiera y Contabilidad A2 Organización de Empresas K1 Regulation K1 Efficiency K1 Distribution K1 Spain K1 Electricity K1 Malmquist index K1 DEA window analysis K1 Distribution energy K1 Electricity sector AB Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that overcapacity and tariff deficit (externalconstraints) negatively affect the efficiency of distribution firms in the Spanish electricity sector. To do this,the paper is based on the theory of constraints and theory of economic regulation.Design/methodology/approach – Data envelopment analysis (DEA) window methodology is carriedout on the constant scales (I-C) with a sample consisting of five main distribution firms during the period from2006 to 2015. In turn, an analysis of the Malmquist index is carried out to assess whether it has had adisplacement with respect to the efficiency frontier.Findings – The results show that the overcapacity and the tariff deficit negatively affect the efficiency of thedistribution firms of the Spanish electricity sector. In addition, there is an existence of external constraints thataffect the activities of regulated organisations and the importance of adequate legislation in regulated sectors.Originality/value – This study defines a model that shows how the efficiency problems associated withelectricity distribution companies such as productive overcapacity or tariff deficit can be measured based onthe theory of constraints and theory of economic regulation. PB Emerald SN 1750-6220 YR 2021 FD 2021 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/30331 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/30331 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 10-nov-2026