RT journal article T1 Low-oxidation-state Ru sites stabilized in carbon-doped RuO2 with low-temperature CO2 activation to yield methane A1 Tébar Soler, Carmen A1 Martin Diaconescu, Vlad A1 Simonelli, Laura A1 Missyul, Alexander A1 Pérez-Dieste, Virginia A1 Villar-García, Ignacio A1 Brubach, Jean-Blaise A1 Roy, Pascale A1 López Haro, Miguel A1 Calvino Gámez, José Juan A1 Concepción, Patricia A1 Corma, Avelino A2 Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica AB The generation of methane fuel using surplus renewable energy with CO as the carbon source enables both the decarbonization and substitution of fossil fuel feedstocks. However, high temperatures are usually required for the efficient activation of CO. Here we present a solid catalyst synthesized using a mild, green hydrothermal synthesis that involves interstitial carbon doped into ruthenium oxide, which enables the stabilization of Ru cations in a low oxidation state and a ruthenium oxycarbonate phase to form. The catalyst shows an activity and selectivity for the conversion of CO into methane at lower temperatures than those of conventional catalysts, with an excellent long-term stability. Furthermore, this catalyst is able to operate under intermittent power supply conditions, which couples very well with electricity production systems based on renewable energies. The structure of the catalyst and the nature of the ruthenium species were acutely characterized by combining advanced imaging and spectroscopic tools at the macro and atomic scales, which highlighted the low-oxidation-state Ru sites (Ru, 0 < n < 4) as responsible for the high catalytic activity. This catalyst suggests alternative perspectives for materials design using interstitial dopants. PB Nature Research SN 1476-4660 YR 2023 FD 2023 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/30776 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/30776 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 13-nov-2026