RT journal article T1 Scientific Production Convergence: An Empirical Analysis Across Nations A1 Barrios González, Candelaria A1 Flores Varo, María Ester A1 Martínez Navarro, María Ángeles A2 Economía General AB Countries’ scientific systems are a key element of the knowledge economy.This paper explores the convergence pattern of the scientific systems of a widerange of countries around the world during the period 2003–2016. Drawing on dataon national scientific production from a sample of 121 developed and developingcountries, the log t test methodology has been used to detect whether there hasbeen an overall convergence in knowledge creation among countries, if they haveconverged in clubs, or if there have been divergent countries. The results show theabsence of overall convergence; on the contrary, the presence of five groups of countriesthat converge together has been detected, showing differentiated knowledgeproduction growth trajectories among them. A divergent country (UK) has also beenidentified. Furthermore, the paper examines the scientific structure of these clubsand the countries that form them, identifying in which scientific fields the scientificsystems of countries have a comparative advantage/disadvantage in relation to theworld average. PB Minerva SN 1573-1871 YR 2021 FD 2021 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31341 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31341 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 08-nov-2026