RT journal article
T1 Identifying Hate Speech and Attribution of Responsibility: An Analysis of Simulated WhatsApp Conversations during the Pandemic
A1 Palazón-Fernández, José Luis
A1 Mata Pérez, Concepción
A1 Gilart Cantizano, Ester
A1 Cotobal Calvo, E.M.
A1 Cruz Barrientos, Alberto
A1 Bocchino, Anna
A2 Enfermería y Fisioterapia
K1 COVID-19 vaccine
K1 hate speech
K1 responsibility
K1 perceived aggressiveness
AB Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public confrontations between people whohad agreed to be vaccinated and those who had not, highlighted the relevance of the deepeningdissemination of violent and discriminatory expressions and determined a level of perception of hatediscourses. Method: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, based on an innovativemethodology: simulations of WhatsApp conversations. In addition, the following variables wereconsidered among others: level of empathy, personality traits and conflict resolution. Results: Theparticipants were 567 nursing students (413 females, 153 males and 1 person who did not identifywith any gender). The results showed that, for the most part, the participants correctly identifiedhate speech, but were unable to discern the frame of reference. Conclusions: It is necessary toimplement intervention strategies to minimize the impact of hate speech, which continues to be usedon many levels to harass others, justify violence or undermine rights, generating an environmentof prejudice and intolerance that encourages discrimination and violent attacks against certainindividuals or collectives.
PB MDPI
SN 2227-9032
YR 2023
FD 2023
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31360
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31360
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 07-nov-2026