RT journal article T1 Pollination supply models from a local to global scale A1 Giménez-García, Ángel A1 Allen-Perkins, Alfonso A1 Bartomeus, Ignasi A1 Balbi, Stefano A1 Knapp, Jessica L. A1 Hevia, Violeta A1 Woodcock, Ben Alex A1 Smagghe, Guy A1 Miñarro, Marcos A1 Eeraerts, Maxime A1 Colville, Jonathan F. A1 Hipólito, Juliana A1 Cavigliasso, Pablo A1 Nates-Parra, Guiomar A1 Herrera Vega, José Manuel A1 Cusser, Sarah A1 Simmons, Benno I. A1 Wolters, Volkmar A1 Jha, Shalene A1 Freitas, Breno M. A1 Horgan, Finnbar G. A1 Artz, Derek R. A1 Sidhu, C. Sheena A1 Otieno, Mark A1 Boreux, Virginie A1 Biddinger, David J. A1 Klein, Alexandra-Maria A1 Joshi, Neelendra K. A1 Stewart, Rebecca I. A. A1 Albrecht, Matthias A1 Nicholson, Charlie C. A1 O'Reilly, Alison D. A1 Crowder, David William A1 Burns, Katherine L. W. A1 Nabaes Jodar, Diego Nicolás A1 Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro A1 Sutter, Louis A1 Dupont, Yoko L. A1 Dalsgaard, Bo A1 Da Encarnação Coutinho, Jeferson Gabriel A1 Lázaro, Amparo A1 Andersson, Georg K. S. A1 Raine, Nigel E. A1 Krishnan, Smitha A1 Dainese, Matteo A1 Van Der Werf, Wopke A1 Smith, Henrik G. A1 Magrach, Ainhoa A2 Biología K1 Mediterranean Region K1 bee K1 biome K1 machine learning K1 pollination K1 pollinator AB Ecological intensification has been embraced with great interest by the academic sector but is still rarely taken up by farmers because monitoring the state of different ecological functions is not straightforward. Modelling tools can represent a more accessible alternative of measuring ecological functions, which could help promote their use amongst farmers and other decision-makers. In the case of crop pollination, modelling has traditionally followed either a mechanistic or a data-driven approach. Mechanistic models simulate the habitat preferences and foraging behaviour of pollinators, while data-driven models associate georeferenced variables with real observations. Here, we test these two approaches to predict pollination supply and validate these predictions using data from a newly released global dataset on pollinator visitation rates to different crops. We use one of the most extensively used models for the mechanistic approach, while for the data-driven approach, we select from among a comprehensive set of state-of-The-Art machine-learning models. Moreover, we explore a mixed approach, where data-derived inputs, rather than expert assessment, inform the mechanistic model. We find that, at a global scale, machine-learning models work best, offering a rank correlation coefficient between predictions and observations of pollinator visitation rates of 0.56. In turn, the mechanistic model works moderately well at a global scale for wild bees other than bumblebees. Biomes characterized by temperate or Mediterranean forests show a better agreement between mechanistic model predictions and observations, probably due to more comprehensive ecological knowledge and therefore better parameterization of input variables for these biomes. This study highlights the challenges of transferring input variables across multiple biomes, as expected given the different composition of species in different biomes. Our results provide clear guidance on which pollination supply models perform best at different spatial scales-the first step towards bridging the stakeholder-Academia gap in modelling ecosystem service delivery under ecological intensification. PB Copernicus Publications SN 1399-1183 YR 2023 FD 2023 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31480 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31480 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 12-nov-2026