RT journal article T1 Analysis of Topographic Surveys with RPAS in Steep Coastal Dunes A1 Contreras de Villar, Francisco A1 García, F.J. A1 Muñoz Pérez, Juan José A1 Contreras de Villar, Antonio A1 Ruiz Ortiz, Verónica A1 López García, Patricia A1 Jigena Antelo, Bismarck A2 Ciencias y Técnicas de la Navegación y Construcciones Navales A2 Física Aplicada A2 Ingeniería Industrial e Ingeniería Civil K1 inclined camera K1 non-horizontal flight K1 RPAS K1 steep terrain K1 UAV K1 vertical error AB The current use of photogrammetric systems with RPAS (remotely piloted aircraft systems) for the acquisition of topographic data in every type of coastal area has the benefit of a low risk for the personnel involved, good precision, increased productivity, and lower costs. However, their accuracy has not yet been researched in areas with steep terrain. In this paper, we study dune areas with slopes between 20 and 30%. The objective of this work is to examine the influence of the inclination of both the flight and the camera and to compare the results with those obtained using constant-height flights. With the data collected during three field campaigns, a total of 18 cases were studied. Among the results obtained, in the case of the horizontal flights, a vertical error of 0.048 m was detected for a 0° inclination of the camera versus an error of 0.086 m for a 10° inclination, thus an increase in the camera inclination decreased the accuracy by 44%. Moreover, the flight inclination did not lead to a significant reduction in the error. Therefore, as a main conclusion, the planning of horizontal flights as well as the non-tilt of the camera are recommended. PB Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) SN 2073-445X YR 2023 FD 2023 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31725 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31725 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 06-nov-2026