RT journal article T1 Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improve Rice Response to Climate Change Conditions A1 Redondo-Gómez, Susana A1 Mesa-Marín, Jennifer A1 Pérez Romero, Jesús Alberto A1 Mariscal, Vicente A1 Molina-Heredia, Fernando P. A1 Álvarez, Consolación A1 Pajuelo, Eloísa A1 Rodríguez-Llorente, Ignacio A1 Mateos Naranjo, Enrique A2 Biología K1 bacterial consortium K1 efficiency of PSII photochemistry K1 elevated atmospheric CO2 K1 gas exchange K1 inoculation K1 PGPR K1 temperature AB Rice is one of the most important crops in the world and is considered a strategic cropfor food security. Furthermore, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers to obtain high yields causesenvironmental problems. A sustainable alternative includes taking advantage of beneficial bacteriathat promote plant growth. Here, we investigate the effect of five bacterial biofertilizers fromhalophytes on growth, and we investigate photosynthetic efficiency in rice plants grown under salineconditions (0 and 85 mmol L−1 NaCl) and future climate change scenarios, including increasedCO2 concentrations and temperature (400/700 ppm and 25/+4 ◦C, respectively). Biofertilizers1–4 increased growth by 9–64% in plants grown with and without salt in both CO2- temperaturecombinations, although there was no significant positive effect on the net photosynthetic rate of riceplants. In general, biofertilizer 1 was the most effective at 400 ppm CO2 and at 700 ppm CO2 +4 ◦Cin the absence of salt. Inocula 1–5 also stimulated plant length at high CO2levels without salt. Finally,the positive effect of biofertilization was attenuated in the plants grown under the interaction betweensalt and high CO2. This highlights the significance of studying biofertilization under stress interactionto establish the real potential of biofertilizers in the context of climate change conditions. PB MDPI SN 2223-7747 YR 2023 FD 2023 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31762 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/31762 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 14-nov-2026