RT journal article T1 Advertising and public relations degrees: profiles and the glass ceiling in the Spanish labour market A1 Jiménez Marín, Gloria A1 Álvarez Rodríguez, Víctor A1 Palomo-Domínguez, Isabel A2 Marketing y Comunicación K1 advertising K1 gender K1 glass ceiling K1 job placement K1 university K1 women AB According to data from the Spanish Association of Advertising Agencies, 90% of management positions in communication companies are occupied by men. However, the percentage of women studying communication degrees in Spanish universities, and specifically bachelor’s and master’s degrees in advertising and public relations, is higher thanthat of male students. This study evaluates the gender perspective taught in advertisingand public relations degrees in Spain, to determine whether society demands this femalevision of communication, PR, advertising and institutional and corporate activity. Furthermore, it gathers opinions on the role of women in the structure of communicationcompanies. Based on triangulation, the methodology combines a content analysis of university syllabi, a questionnaire for students or graduates, and a panel of experts made up ofacademics teaching degree courses in advertising and public relations and communicationpractitioners. The results point to adequate and constantly (r)evolving training, in whichskills and curricula meet the professional environment. Factors such as crisis, digital progress, the expansion of new work formats and the new role of the consumer require multidisciplinary teams with transversal skills – where women have a significant role to play. SN 2340-5236 YR 2023 FD 2023-01 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32227 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32227 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 12-nov-2026