RT journal article
T1 Comparison between Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Methods to Determine Phenolic Compounds in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
A1 Álvarez Romero, María
A1 Ruiz Rodríguez, Ana
A1 Fernández Barbero, Gerardo
A1 Vázquez Espinosa, Mercedes
A1 El Mansouri, Fouad
A1 Brigui, Jamal
A1 Palma Lovillo, Miguel
A2 Química Analítica
K1 antioxidant capacity
K1 barley
K1 Box–Behnken design
K1 microwave-assisted extraction
K1 phenolic compounds
K1 ultrasound-assisted extraction
AB Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the major cereal crops worldwide. It is grown not only to be used as fodder but also for human consumption. Barley grains are a great source of phenolic compounds, which are particularly interesting for their health-promoting antioxidant properties, among other benefits. Two extraction methods, namely ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), have been optimized and compared by using Box–Behnken design (BBD) to determine both the antioxidant power and the phenolic compound levels of the extracts. Three variables have been assessed based on these designs: solvent composition (% MeOH in water), temperature (°C), and sample-to-solvent ratio (mg sample mL−1 solvent). The solvent composition used and the interaction between the solvent and the temperature were the most significant variables in terms of recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Short extraction times, a high precision level, and good recoveries have been confirmed for both methods. Moreover, they were successfully applied to several samples. Significant differences regarding the level of phenolic compounds and antioxidant power were revealed when analyzing three different barley varieties. Specifically, the amounts of phenolic compounds ranged from 1.08 to 1.81 mg gallic acid equivalent g−1 barley, while their antioxidant capacity ranged from 1.35 to 2.06 mg Trolox equivalent g−1 barley, depending on the barley variety. Finally, MAE was found to be slightly more efficient than UAE, presenting higher levels of phenolic compounds in the extracts.
PB MDPI
SN 2304-8158
YR 2023
FD 2023
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32493
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32493
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 05-nov-2026