RT journal article T1 Risk sources and the effectiveness of the control system in the franchisor's risk perception management A1 Ramírez García, Carolina A1 Ramón Jerónimo, María Ángeles A1 García Álvarez de Perea, Juan A1 Vélez Elorza, María Luisa A2 Economía Financiera y Contabilidad K1 Control types K1 Franchising K1 Performance risk perception K1 Relational risk perception K1 Risk sources AB Franchisor's risk perceptions influence their decisions about the development and continuity of their relationships with franchisees. Although control systems are essential for risk perception management, the effectiveness of diverse types of control remains unclear. The present study incorporates specific sources of risk from the franchisor-franchisee relationship to explain control effectiveness in risk perception management. We propose that the interaction between risk sources and distinct types of control explains a franchisor's risk perception. Using data from 240 survey respondents from franchisors in Spain, this study employs structural equation modelling to analyse the effectiveness of behaviour, outcome, and social controls in the management of franchisor's relational and performance risk perceptions arising from specific risk sources. The results confirm the proposed interaction influence on the franchisor's risk perception and reveal that greater control does not always decrease risk perception, but depends on the degree of the risk sources faced by the franchisor as well as the kind of risk perceived. PB Elsevier Inc. SN 0019-8501 YR 2024 FD 2024 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32613 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32613 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 20-may-2026