RT journal article
T1 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of L-Tryptophan from Chamomile Flower: Method Development and Application for Flower Parts Characterization and Varietal Difference
A1 Oktaviani, N. M. D.
A1 Larasati, I. D.
A1 Nugroho, A. W.
A1 Setyaningsih, W.
A1 Palma Lovillo, Miguel
A2 Química Analítica
K1 Tryptophan
K1 Optimization
K1 Edible flower
K1 Box-Behnken design
K1 Ray florets
K1 Disc florets
AB Chamomile has been widely used as a functional tea due to its effects on several neurohormones, some of which are related to tryptophan. An analytical ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique was successfully optimized and validated to determine tryptophan levels in chamomile flowers. A Box-Behnken design, in conjunction with response surface methodology, was conducted based on 3 factors and 3 levels: Temperature (x1; 30, 50, and 70 °C), solvent composition (x2; 0, 40, and 80% methanol in water), and ultrasonic power (x3; 20, 60, and 100%). The main (x2) and quadratic effect of solvent (x2x2); quadratic of temperature (x1x1) and ultrasonic power (x3x3); also, the interaction of solvent-ultrasonic power (x2x3) and temperature-ultrasonic power (x1x3), significantly affected (p < 0.05) the level of L-tryptophan in the extracts. Optimum extraction conditions were achieved by applying a temperature of 54 °C for 15 min using 17% methanol in water and 69% ultrasonic power. A high recovery (94.26%) was achieved with 2 extraction cycles. The coefficient of variation (CV) demonstrated that the developed method had a satisfactory level of precision (CV < 5%) for repeatability and intermediate precision. To check the applicability of the method, the parts of 2 types of chamomile flowers (German and Roman) were evaluated. This method was successfully applied to characterize chamomile flowers based on L-tryptophan levels.
PB Trend in Sciences
SN 2774-0226
YR 2024
FD 2024-01-20
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32696
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32696
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 11-nov-2026