RT journal article
T1 Fuel saving effect and performance of velocity control for modern combustion-powered scooters
A1 Kreß, Jannis
A1 Rau, Jens
A1 Hebert, Hektor
A1 Perez Peña, Fernando
A1 Schmidt, Karsten
A1 Morgado Estévez, Arturo
A2 Ingeniería en AutomáticaElectrónica, Arquitectura y Redes de Computadores
K1 Velocity control
K1 Throttle-by-Wire
K1 Fuel saving
K1 Motorcycle powertrain
K1 Alternative restricting
AB This paper investigates the performance and fuel-saving effect of a velocity control algorithm on modern 50 ccscooters (Euro 5). The European Parliament has adopted major CO2emission reductions by 2030. But moderncombustion-powered scooters are inefficiently restricted and emit unnecessary amounts of CO2. Replacing theoriginal restriction method with the system presented in this paper, the engine’s operating point is beingimproved significantly. A Throttle-by-Wire-System senses the rider’s throttle command and manipulates thethrottle valve. A redundant wheel speed sensor measures the precise vehicle velocity using the Hall effect.The entire system is managed by a central ECU, executing the actual velocity control, fail-safe functions,power supply and handling inputs/outputs. For velocity control, an adaptive PI-controller has been simulated,virtually tuned and implemented, limiting the max. velocity regulated by legal constraints (45 km/h). In thisway, the environmentally harmful restrictors used today can be bypassed. By implementing a human–machineinterface, including a virtual dashboard, the system is capable of interfacing with the rider. For evaluationpurposes a measurement box has been developed, logging vehicle orientation, system/control variables andengine parameters. A Peugeot Kisbee 50 4T (Euro 5) is serving as test vehicle. Finally, the system has beenevaluated regarding performance and fuel efficiency both through simulation and road testing. Fuel savingsof 13.6% in real-world test scenarios were achieved while maintaining vehicle performance.
PB Elsevier
SN 0967-0661
YR 2024
FD 2024
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32852
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/32852
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 10-may-2026