RT journal article T1 Energy management and switching control of PHEV charging stations in a hybrid smart micro-grid system A1 Kamal, Tariq A1 Karabacak, Murat A1 Hassan, Syed Zulqadar A1 Fernández Ramírez, Luis Miguel A1 Riaz, Muhammad Hussnain A1 Riaz, Muhammad Tanveer A1 Khan, Muhammad Abbas A1 Khan, Laiq A2 Ingeniería Eléctrica K1 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles K1 power management system K1 renewable energy sources K1 fuzzy K1 smart micro-grid AB In this study, the energy management and switching control of plug-in hybrid electricvehicles (PHEVs) in a hybrid smart micro-grid system was designed. The charging station in thisresearch consists of real market PHEVs of different companies with different sizes. The rate ofcharging of PHEVs is managed via switching control to receive maximum benefits from renewableenergy sources and reduce the consumption of electricity from the grid. To support the optimumutilization of sustainable power, charging time and network stability, seven scenarios were developedfor different interaction among the proposed micro-grid system and PHEVs. The proposed hybridsmart micro-grid system consists of three renewable energy sources: photovoltaic (PV) arraycontrolled via an intelligent fuzzy control maximum power point subsystem, a fuel cell stack and amicroturbine set controlled by proportional integral differential/proportional integral subsystems.A hybrid energy storage system (super-capacitor, battery storage bank and hydrogen) and residentialload are also included in the proposed architecture. The hybrid smart micro-grid system is checked interms of voltage regulation, frequency deviation and total harmonic distortion (THD). It was foundthat these are in limits according to the international standards. The simulations verify the feasibilityof the proposed system and fulfill the requirement of vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle operationsin a smart grid environment. PB MDPI SN 2079-9292 YR 2018 FD 2018 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/33080 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/33080 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 10-may-2026