RT journal article
T1 Port State Control Inspections under the Paris Memorandum of Understanding and Their Contribution to Maritime Safety: Additional Risk Classifications and Indicators Using Multivariate Techniques
A1 Almorza Gomar, David
A1 Prieto Villar, José Manuel
A1 Amor-Esteban, Víctor
A1 Piniella Corbacho, Francisco
A2 Ciencias y Técnicas de la Navegación y Construcciones Navales
A2 Estadística e Investigación Operativa
K1 maritime safety
K1 Port State Control
K1 Paris MoU
K1 multivariate statistical HJ-Biplot
AB Port State Control (PSC) inspections conducted under the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) agreement have become a crucial tool for maritime administrations in European Union countries to ensure compliance with international maritime safety standards by ships entering their ports. This paper analyses all PSC inspections conducted in 10 major European ports belonging to the Paris MoU between 2012 and 2019. For its study, a multivariate HJ-Biplot statistical analysis is carried out, which facilitates the interpretation and understanding of the underlying relationships in a multivariate data set by representing a synthesis of the data on a factorial plane, with an interpretation that is very intuitive and accessible for readers from various fields. Applying this method with ship characteristics as explanatory variables, several classifications were derived. These classifications align with the annual performance lists published by the Paris MoU and the International Association of Classification Societies list, suggesting that this method could serve as a reliable classification approach. It provides maritime authorities with an additional indicator of a ship’s risk profile, aiding in the prioritising of inspections. The method also effectively categorises ports and types of ships used for cargo transport, offering insights into the specific maritime traffic each port experiences. Furthermore, this study identifies characteristics associated with substandard ships, which is a primary objective of PSC inspections. Beyond revealing these traits, this research underscores the existence of several readily applicable techniques to enhance maritime safety and reduce the risk of ocean pollution.
PB Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
SN 2077-1312
YR 2024
FD 2024
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/33752
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/33752
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 10-nov-2026