RT journal article T1 Can proactive environmental strategy improve Multilatinas' level of internationalization? The moderating role of board independence A1 Duque Grisales, Eduardo A1 Aguilera Caracuel, Javier A1 Guerrero Villegas, Jaime A1 García Sánchez, Encarnación A2 Organización de Empresas K1 board independence K1 emerging markets multinationals K1 geographic international diversification K1 Latin America K1 Multilatinas K1 proactive environmental strategy AB This paper explores the relationships between proactive environmental strategy (PES)and internationalization in emerging markets multinationals from Latin America(Multilatinas). Drawing on the resource‐based view and institutional theory and usinga sample of 86 listed firms during the period 2013–2017, we find that Multilatinaswith higher tiers of PES are associated with higher degrees of geographic internationaldiversification. Because adopting PES is directly conditioned by institutionalpressures to comply with stakeholders' regulations and expectations, Multilatinas thatimplement advanced PES will be able to achieve a higher level of international presencein foreign markets. Our results also reveal that board independence positivelymoderates the relationship between PES and geographic international diversification.Specifically, board independence provides Multilatinas with the opportunity to integratevaluable knowledge and expertise and thus to take advantage of implementingadvanced PES to achieve even greater levels of internationalization. This studyexpands understanding of how environmental strategies influence internationalizationof firms in the Latin American business context. PB Wiley SN 1099-0836 YR 2020 FD 2020-01 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/34170 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/34170 LA eng NO Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia, Grant/Award Numbers: Excellence Research Project P11‐ SEJ‐7988 and P11‐SEJ‐7988; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, Grant/Award Numbers: ECO2013‐47009‐P, ECO2014‐58799‐R, ECO2016‐75909‐P and CAS18/00134; University of Granada DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 09-nov-2026