RT journal article T1 The Role of Different Total Water Level Definitions in Coastal Flood Modelling on a Low-Elevation Dune System A1 Cabrita, Paulo A1 Montes Pérez, Juan Bautista A1 Duo, Enrico A1 Brunetta, Riccardo A1 Ciavola, Paolo A2 Ciencias de la Tierra K1 coastal flood K1 Emilia-Romagna K1 extreme event K1 Lisflood-FP K1 total water level K1 wave run-up AB The present study investigates different combinations and methods for estimating the extreme Total Water Level (TWL) and its implications for predicting flood extension caused by coastal storms. This study analyses various TWL components and approaches and assesses how different methodologies alter flood predictions, with implications for warning systems and emergency responses. Using different combinations of individual TWL components, flood extension simulations were conducted using a hydrodynamic model in the Volano Beach area (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). A real coastal storm event was used as a reference for comparison. The findings indicate that the selection of individual TWL components and calculation methods significantly impacts flood extension predictions. The approaches, which involve calculating extreme values from a combined time series or the water level time series plus the extreme value of wave setup, yield the most realistic results, excluding the runup component. In comparison, the other combinations overestimate the flood. Incorporating hydromorphological models like XBeach could enhance the accuracy of runup estimations and improve the overall method reliability. Despite limitations such as runup estimation and the use of generic regional parameters, this study underscores the importance of the TWL combination selection in accurately predicting flood extents, emphasising the need for context-specific adaptations in environmental contexts. PB Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) SN 2077-1312 YR 2024 FD 2024 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/35456 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/35456 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 21-sep-2026