RT journal article
T1 Low-Cost Throttle-by-Wire-System Architecture for Two-Wheeler Vehicles
A1 Kreß, Jannis
A1 Rau, Jens
A1 Hebert, Hektor
A1 Pérez Peña, Fernando
A1 Morgado Estévez, Arturo
A2 Ingeniería en AutomáticaElectrónica, Arquitectura y Redes de Computadores
K1 Automotive control
K1 Throttle-by-Wire
K1 Throttle position sensor
K1 Throttle valve actuator
K1 Motorcycle powertrain
AB This article investigates the performance of a low-cost throttle-by-wire-system (TbWS) for two-wheeler applications. Mopeds/scooters are still restricted as environmentally harmful. TbWSs can contribute to environmental protection by replacing conventional restrictors. Its consisting of an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) throttle position sensor and a position-controlled stepper motor-driven throttle valve actuator. The decentralized throttle position sensor is operating contactless and acquires redundant data. Throttle valve actuation is realized through a position-controlled stepper motor, sensing its position feedback by Hall effect. Using a PI controller, the stepper motor position is precisely set. Both units transmit and receive data by a CAN bus. Furthermore, fail-safe functions, plausibility checks, calibration algorithms, and energy-saving modes have been implemented. Both modules have been evaluated through hardware-in-the-loop testing in terms of reliability and measuring/positioning performance before the system was integrated into a Peugeot Kisbee 50 4T (Euro 5/injected). Finally, the sensor unit comes with a measurement deviation of less than 0.16%, whereas the actuator unit can approach throttle valve positions with a deviation of less than 0.37%. The actuators' settling time does not exceed 0.13 s in the case of stable, step loss free, and noiseless operation.
PB SAE International
SN 1946-3944
YR 2024
FD 2024
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/35745
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/35745
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 10-may-2026