RT journal article
T1 Exhaust gas improvement of modern scooters by velocity control
A1 Kreß, Jannis
A1 Rau, Jens
A1 Behr, Ingo
A1 Mohn, Bernd
A1 Hebert, Hektor
A1 Morgado Estévez, Arturo
A2 Ingeniería en AutomáticaElectrónica, Arquitectura y Redes de Computadores
K1 Alternative restricting
K1 Fuel saving
K1 Motorcycle powertrain
K1 Throttle-by-wire
K1 Velocity control
AB This paper investigates the improvement of the exhaust gas composition by applying a velocity-controlled Throttle-by-Wire-System on modern 50 cc scooters (Euro 5). Nowadays combustion-powered scooters are still inefficiently restricted, resulting in an unreasonably high fuel consumption and unfavorable exhaust emissions. The velocity control prevents restriction by negatively shifting the ignition timing and regulates the throttle valve opening instead. Injection quantity, engine speed, ignition timing, cylinder wall and exhaust temperature, oxygen sensor data, crankshaft position and in-cylinder pressure were acquired to measure engine parameters. In parallel, vehicle CAN bus data, such as throttle opening, acceleration command and velocity were recorded. For determination of the exhaust gas composition, five probes were sensing CO, CO2, NOx, O2 and HC in addition to the temperature and mass flow. A Peugeot Kisbee 50 4T (Euro 5) serves as test vehicle. The original and the optimized restriction were subjected to various gradients on a roller dynamometer at top speed. Thus, a statement can be made about all restricted operating points. Required resistance parameters were determined in a coast down test. When driving on level ground, a difference of 50% in the throttle opening leads to a 17% improvement in fuel economy. By measuring the engine parameters, optimum ignition timing could be proven with increasing internal cylinder pressure. Further, 17% reduction in exhaust gas flow was demonstrated. CO emissions decreased by a factor of 8.4, CO2 by 1.17 and HC by 2.1 while NOx increased by a factor of 3.
PB Elsevier
SN 0967-0661
YR 2024
FD 2024
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/35772
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/35772
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 10-may-2026