RT journal article T1 Water-promoted oxidative coupling of aromatics with subnanometer palladium clusters confined in zeolites A1 Feng, Yunchao A1 Wang, Hongtao A1 Chen, Tianxiang A1 López Haro, Miguel A1 He, Feng A1 He, Zhe A1 Marini, Carlo A1 Tsz Woon Lo, Benedict A1 Liu, Lichen A2 Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica AB A fundamental understanding of the active sites in working catalysts can guide the rational design of new catalysts with improved performances. In this work, we have followed the evolution of homogeneous and heterogeneous Pd catalysts under the reaction conditions for aerobic oxidative coupling of toluene for the production of 4,4′-bitolyl. We have found that subnanometer Pd clusters made with a few Pd atoms are the working active sites in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. Moreover, water can promote the activity of Pd clusters by nearly one-order magnitude for oxidative coupling reaction by facilitating the activation of O2. These new insights lead to the preparation of a catalyst made with Pd clusters supported on a two-dimensional zeolite, which expands the scope of the oxidative coupling of aromatics to larger substrates. PB Nature SN 2041-1723 YR 2024 FD 2024 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/36352 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/36352 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 11-nov-2026