RT journal article T1 Investigation of Friction Hydro-Pillar Processing as a Repair Technique for Offshore Mooring Chain Links A1 Dos Santos, Rafael Eugenio A1 Chludzinski, Mariane A1 Menezes Nunes, Rafael A1 Reppold Marinho, Ricardo A1 Torres Piza Paes, Marcelo A1 Reguly, Alfonso A2 Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica K1 friction hydro-pillar processing K1 mooring steel grade R4 K1 PWHT K1 residual stress K1 neutron diffraction AB Repairing links of offshore mooring chains has presented a significant industry challenge, primarily arising from modifications in material properties, encompassing alterations in microstructure, hardness, and residual stress. In this context, the present work investigates the method of friction hydro-pillar processing (FHPP) applied to R4 grade mooring chain steel. Joints in as-repaired and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions were subjected to residual stress (RS) tests using the neutron diffraction technique, microhardness mapping, and microstructural evaluations. The process generated peaks of tensile and compressive stresses in different directions and hardness below that of the parent material in the softening zone. The friction zone promoted high hardness levels in the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) with a maximum of 19% of the ultimate tensile strength of the parent material. As expected, the PWHT restored the RS and reduced the hardness; however, 4 h PWHT allowed the elimination of a hardness higher than that of the base material. PB MDPI SN 2504-4494 YR 2023 FD 2023 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/36457 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/36457 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 11-nov-2026